DEMOCRACY NDI WOYERA-BOMA

Harold W. Percival

GAWO III

DEMOKRASI—CHItukuko

Demokalase ndi chitukuko zili kwa wina ndi mzake monga momwe zimakhalira ndi cholinga. Zimagwirizana ndipo zimadalirana. Iwo ali ngati chifukwa chake. Iwo ndi munthu ndi chilengedwe chimene iye amapanga.

Ulamuliro wa demokalase ndi boma loyimilira lomwe anthu amasankha okha kuti alamulire, kwa amene anthu amamupatsa ulamuliro ndi mphamvu zolamulira, ndipo oyimilirawo ali, kapena ayenera kukhala ndi udindo kwa anthu pazomwe amachita m'boma.

Chitukuko ndikusintha kopangidwa ndi munthu kuchokera ku chilengedwe ndi chilengedwe kupita ku ndale ndi chikhalidwe ndi thupi ndi mafakitale, kupanga, malonda; mwa maphunziro, kutulukira, kupeza; ndi zaluso, sayansi ndi zolemba. Izi ndi ziwonetsero zakunja ndi zowonekera ku chitukuko cha chitukuko chamkati cha munthu pamene akupita patsogolo ku demokalase - kudzilamulira.

Chitukuko ndi chitukuko cha anthu, mkati ndi kunja, momwe anthu amatsogoleredwera mwachitukuko pang'onopang'ono, kuchokera kumagulu otukuka a umbuli kapena nkhanza, nkhanza zankhanza, miyambo yonyansa ndi zilakolako zosalamulirika, komanso, ndi magawo a maphunziro aumunthu, kukhala ndi makhalidwe abwino, kukhala aulemu, kulingalira, chikhalidwe ndi kuyeretsedwa ndi kulimbikitsidwa.

Gawo lamakono lachitukuko cha chikhalidwe cha anthu silinapitirire theka la njira yopita ku chitukuko; chikadali chongoyerekeza ndi chakunja, sichinafikebe chochita ndi mkati, chitukuko. Anthu ali ndi mawonekedwe akunja okha kapena gloss ya chikhalidwe; iwo sali otukuka mkati ndi oyengedwa ndi kulimbikitsidwa. Izi zikuwonetseredwa ndi ndende, makhothi amilandu, apolisi m'matauni ndi m'mizinda kuti aletse kapena kuletsa kuphana, kuba, kugwiririra komanso chipwirikiti. Ndipo zikusonyezedwabe moonekera bwino kwambiri ndi vuto limene liripoli, pamene anthu ndi maboma awo asandutsa zotulukira, sayansi, ndi mafakitale kukhala kupanga zida ndi makina akupha kuti agonjetse mayiko a anthu ena, ndipo akukakamiza enawo. kuchita nkhondo zodzitetezera, kapena kuwonongedwa. Ngakhale kuti pangakhale nkhondo zogonjetsa ndi zankhanza zoterozo, sitili otukuka. Mphamvu zankhanza sizingavomereze mphamvu zamakhalidwe mpaka mphamvu zamakhalidwe zitagonjetsa mphamvu zankhanza. Mphamvu iyenera kukumana ndi mphamvu ndipo owopsyawo adagonjetsedwa ndi kukhutitsidwa kuti mphamvu zawo zankhanza ziyenera kusinthidwa kukhala mphamvu zamakhalidwe abwino, kuti mphamvu yamkati yachilungamo ndi kulingalira ndi yaikulu kuposa mphamvu yakunja ya mphamvu.

Kupondereza kwakunja kwa mphamvu kwakhala lamulo loti mphamvu yankhanza ndiyolondola. Ukhoza ndi lamulo lankhanza, lamulo la nkhalango. Pamene munthu alamulidwa ndi nkhanza zomwe zili mwa iye adzagonjera ku mphamvu zopanda pake, ku chinyama chakunja. Pamene munthu alamulira chinyama mwa iye, munthu adzaphunzitsa chinyama; ndipo wankhanza adzazindikira kuti kulondola ndi mphamvu. Pamene wankhanza mwa munthu amalamulira mwa mphamvu, wankhanza amaopa munthu ndipo mwamuna amaopa mbulu. Mwamuna akamalamulira nkhanza mwachilungamo, munthu saopa wankhanza ndipo wankhanza amakhulupirira ndipo amalamulidwa ndi mwamunayo.

Mphamvu zopanda nzeru zakhala zomwe zayambitsa imfa ndi chiwonongeko cha chitukuko, chifukwa munthu sanadalire mphamvu zake zamakhalidwe abwino zogonjetsa mphamvu zankhanza zamphamvu. Kukhoza sikuli koyenera mpaka cholondola chidziwika kukhala champhamvu. M’mbuyomu, munthu wasokoneza mphamvu zake zamakhalidwe abwino ndi mphamvu yankhanza. Expediency nthawizonse wakhala kunyengerera. Kuchita bwino nthawi zonse kumagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe akunja, ndipo mphamvu zankhanza zapitilira kulamulira. Munthu apangidwa kuti azilamulira nkhanza mwa iye. Sipangakhale kulolerana kulikonse pakati pa munthu ndi wankhanza ngati munthu akuyenera kulamulira, komanso kusagwirizana pakati pa malamulo amunthu ndi malamulo ankhanza. Yakwana nthawi yolengeza ndikusunga kuti mphamvu zamalamulo ndizolondola, ndipo mphamvu yankhanzayo iyenera kudzipereka ndikulamuliridwa ndi mphamvu yaufulu.

Oimira ma demokalase akakana chifukwa chofuna kugonja, ndiye kuti amuna onse adzakakamizika kudzilengeza okha kwa iwo eni. Pamene chiŵerengero chokwanira cha anthu m’mitundu yonse chilengeza chilamulo chaufulu ndi kusunga lamulo la chilungamo, mphamvu yankhanza ya olamulira ankhanza idzathedwa nzeru ndipo iyenera kugonja. Ndiye anthu angakhale omasuka kusankha mwa chikhalidwe cha mkati (kudziletsa) kukhala otukuka, ndi kuyesetsa kupita patsogolo ku chitukuko.

United States of America ndiye dziko lokhazikitsira demokalase yeniyeni, chitukuko chenicheni. Chitukuko chenicheni sichili cha chikhalidwe cha fuko kapena zaka, kapena kudyera masuku pamutu maiko ena ndi anthu omwe adzakhala ndi moyo ndi kufa ndi kuyiwalika, monga momwe zitukuko zakale zakhala ndi moyo ndi kufa ndi kuyiwalika. Chitukuko ndi chiwonetsero cha malingaliro ndi malingaliro a iwo omwe amachipanga chomwe icho chiri, kunja ndi mkati. Zitukuko zakale zakhazikitsidwa ndikukulira pa kupha ndi kukhetsa mwazi ndi kugonjetsera kapena ukapolo wa anthu omwe maiko awo adamangidwa.

Mbiriyakale imayambira pamasiku ano mpaka kumdima kosawerengeka ndi kuyiwalika zakale, monga mbiri yolemekezeka ndi yofowoka ya zomwe adapambana ndi ogonjetsa awo, omwe adagonjetsedwa ndi kupha ankhondo ankhondo pambuyo pake. Lamulo la mphamvu ya nkhanza lakhala lamulo la moyo ndi imfa limene anthu ndi zitukuko zakale adakhalapo ndi kufa.

Izo zakhala kale, pamapeto pake timayima pokhapokha ngati ife amakono tipitiriza. Ndipo ife amakono m’kupita kwa nthaŵi tiyenera kuzimiririka m’chimene chidzakhala chakale chathu pokhapokha ife amakono titayamba kutembenuza maganizo athu kuchoka ku kusayeruzika ndi kuphana ndi kuledzera ndi imfa, kukonzanso matupi athu kwamuyaya tsopano. Wamuyaya si nkhambakamwa chabe, loto la ndakatulo, kapena lingaliro lachipembedzo. Wamuyaya ali—kupyolera ndi kusakhudzidwa ndi kupitiriza kwa chiyambi ndi mapeto a nyengo.

Pomwe Wochita Wosakhoza kufa m'thupi la munthu aliyense akupitilizabe kudzinyenga yekha ndikulota m'kupita kwa nthawi motsogozedwa ndi mphamvu, Woganiza ndi Wodziwa zake wosasiyanitsidwa ali Muyayayaya. Iwo amalola gawo lawo lotengedwa kupita ku ukapolo kulota, kupyolera mu kubadwa ndi imfa ya zomverera, mpaka iwo akufuna kudziganizira yekha ndi kudzimasula yekha ku ndende ya mphamvu, ndi kudziwa ndi kukhala ndi kuchita gawo lake kwa Wamuyaya— monga Wopanga wozindikira wa Woganiza wake komanso Wodziwa, ali m'thupi. Uwu ndiye woyenera kukhazikitsidwa kwachitukuko chenicheni komanso kwa Wopanga wozindikira m'thupi la munthu aliyense, akamvetsetsa chomwe chili ndipo adzikwanira yekha ndi thupi lake pantchitoyo.

Chitukuko chenicheni sichili cha ife tokha ndi ana athu ndi ana a ana athu komanso moyo ndi imfa mwa mibadwo ya anthu athu kupyolera mu nthawi kapena zaka, monga momwe zakhalira chizolowezi chokhala ndi moyo ndi kufa, koma, chitukuko ndi chamuyaya. , kuti apitirizebe m’nthaŵi zonse zoyenda, kupereka mwaŵi wa kubadwa ndi imfa ndi moyo kwa awo amene adzatsatira mwambo wokhala ndi moyo ndi kufa; ndipo lidzaperekanso mwaŵi kwa iwo amene sadzafa, koma kuti akhale ndi moyo—kuti apitirize ntchito yawo mwa kukonzanso matupi awo, kuchoka ku matupi a imfa kulowa m’matupi amuyaya a unyamata wosakhoza kufa. Ili ndiye lingaliro la Chitukuko cha Permanence, chomwe chidzakhala chiwonetsero chamalingaliro a Doers m'matupi aumunthu. Ndi ufulu wa aliyense kusankha cholinga chake. Ndipo aliyense amene ali ndi cholinga amalemekeza cholinga chimene munthu wina wasankha.

Kwanenedwa kuti panthaŵi imene Lamulo la Malamulo la United States linapangidwa ndi kuvomerezedwa, ena mwa amuna anzeru kwambiri anali kulilingalira kukhala “Chiyeso Chachikulu” m’boma. Boma lakhala ndi moyo zaka zana limodzi ndi makumi asanu ndipo akuti ndilo lakale kwambiri pa maboma ofunika kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kuyesera kwatsimikizira kuti sikunalephereke. Tikuthokoza chifukwa cha demokalase yomwe tili nayo. Tidzakhala othokoza kwambiri tikapanga demokalase yabwino kuposa momwe ilili. Koma sitidzakhutitsidwa mpaka titapanga kukhala Demokalase yeniyeni yeniyeni. Anzeru kwambiri sakanatha kapena sakanatipangira demokalase. Pali chifukwa chosakayikitsa kapena kuyesa kuti boma lililonse lomwe silinabwere ndi chifuniro cha anthu siliri demokalase.

M’kupita kwachitukuko, anthu atangotuluka m’dziko laukapolo ndi m’boma la ana n’kumalakalaka kudziimira paokha ndi udindo, demokalase ndi yotheka—koma osati kale. Chifukwa chimasonyeza kuti palibe boma lomwe lingapitirize ngati liri la mmodzi kapena ochepa kapena ochepa, koma kuti likhoza kupitiriza ngati boma ngati liri la anthu ambiri. Boma lililonse lomwe linapangidwa ndi lakufa, likufa kapena liyenera kufa, pokhapokha ngati litakhala boma mwakufuna komanso mokomera anthu onse ngati anthu amodzi. Boma loterolo silingakhale chozizwitsa chopangidwa mokonzeka ndikutsika kuchokera kumwamba.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za demokalase yaku America ndizabwino kwambiri, koma zokonda ndi tsankho komanso zofooka zosalamuliridwa za anthu zimalepheretsa mchitidwe wazoyambira. Palibe mmodzi kapena oŵerengeka okha amene ayenera kuimbidwa mlandu pa zolakwa zakale, koma onse ayenera kuimbidwa mlandu ngati apitiriza zolakwazo. Zolakwazo zikhoza kuwongoleredwa ndi onse amene amayamba kudziletsa mwa kudziletsa ku zofooka ndi kuphulika kwa chilakolako, osati mwa kupondereza koma mwa kudziletsa, kudziletsa ndi chitsogozo, kotero kuti aliyense adzakhala akukulitsa malingaliro ake ndi zikhumbo m'thupi lake. kukhala boma lenileni la demokalase.

Tsopano ndi nthawi yobweretsa demokalase yeniyeni, yeniyeni, boma lokhalo lomwe lingayambitse chitukuko cha demokalase yeniyeni. Kotero izo zidzapitirira kupyola mu mibadwo yonse chifukwa zidzakhazikika ndikupitirizabe pa mfundo za choonadi, za kudziwika ndi chidziwitso, za kulungamitsidwa ndi kulingalira monga lamulo ndi chilungamo, zakumverera ndi chikhumbo monga kukongola ndi mphamvu, monga ulamuliro wodzilamulira ndi Odziwa Zamuyaya omwe ali Muyaya, ndi omwe ali Boma la Padziko Lonse, mu Malo Osatha, pansi pa Luntha Lapamwamba la Chilengedwe.

Mu chitukuko cha Permanence chomwe chimabweretsedwa kapena kuwonetseredwa m'dziko laumunthu, aliyense wa anthu adzakhala ndi mwayi wochita bwino ndi kupita patsogolo: kukwaniritsa zomwe akufuna komanso kukhala zomwe akufuna kukhala muzojambula ndi sayansi, kupita patsogolo mosalekeza. Kutha kukhala ozindikira motsatizana motsatizanatsatizana za kukhala ozindikira, kuzindikira ndi monga momwe munthu alili, ndi kuzindikira zinthu momwe zinthu zilili.

Ndipo mwaŵi wakuti aliyense wa inu asankhe ndi kufunafuna chimwemwe chake mwa kukhala chimene mumadzipanga kukhala, ndiwo kudziletsa ndi kudzilamulira kufikira mutakhala wodziletsa ndi wodzilamulira. Pochita zimenezo mudzakhala mutakhazikitsa ulamuliro wodzilamulira nokha m’thupi lanu, ndipo potero mudzakhala mmodzi wa anthu amene adzakhala ndi ulamuliro wa anthu, ndi anthu, ndi mwachidwi anthu onse monga mtundu umodzi—wowona; demokalase yeniyeni: Kudzilamulira.