DEMOCRACY NDI WOYERA-BOMA

Harold W. Percival

GAWO II

MALO A ANTHU AINA

Anthu amakhala m'magulu anayi kapena madongosolo, ngakhale akhale ndi boma lotani. Koma boma lomwe limapereka mwayi wambiri, ndipo momwe angathe kusiyanitsa, ndi Democracy. Maphunziro anayiwo sayenera kuvotera ndi malamulo wamba kapena malamulo, monga dongosolo la Ahindu; kapena paudindo kapena udindo, kapena mwa kubadwa, chuma, chikhulupiriro, kapena ndale. Mosazindikira, aliyense payekha amadzilowetsa m'magulu anayiwo, mwa mtundu wawo komanso momwe amaganizira.

Yemwe abadwa mkalasi kapena dongosolo amadzisunga yekha mu dongosolo lotere, kapena amadzikhazikitsa wotsatira, poganiza. Ngati kuganiza kwamunthu kumayendetsedwa ndi momwe zinthu ziliri, momwemo iye amakhalabe mu dongosolo momwe iye amabadwira kapena momwe amakakamizidwira ndi momwe zinthu ziliri. Komabe, ngati malingaliro ake ali mwanjira ina, malingaliro ake amamuika iye momwe iye alili, mosasamala za kubadwa kwake kapena malo ake padzikoli.

Maphunziro anayi kapena madongosolo awa ndi: ogwira ntchito kapena amuna-ochita malonda, ochita malonda kapena amuna ofunitsitsa, oganiza kapena amuna oganiza; ndi, odziwa kapena amuna odziwa. Dongosolo lililonse limatenga gawo la malamulo enawo. Izi sizitanthauza kuti madongosolo anayiwo ndi amitundu inayi yamthupi; zikutanthauza kuti kulingalira konse komwe kumachitika, kumachitika ndi kulakalaka ndi kuchita kwa Opanga mu matupi a amuna ndi matupi a akazi momwe Amachita; ndikuti mtundu woganiza womwe umapangidwa ndi chikhumbo-ndi-kumverera kwa Wocita m'thupi lililonse laumunthu umapangitsa Doeryo mkalasi momwe ilili, kapena amachotsa ndi thupi lake kuchoka komwe kuli ndi kumuyika wina dongosolo. Palibe mphamvu yomwe ingatenge munthu kuchokera mu dongosolo lake lomwe ndikumupanga mwa dongosolo lina. Kusintha kwa dongosolo komwe aliyense amakhala sanapangidwe kuchokera kunja; Kusintha kumapangidwa kuchokera mkati mwake. Kulingalira kwa aliyense kwamupanga iye momwe iye alimo. Kulingalira kwa aliyense kumamupanga iye momwe iye wakhazikikiramo; ndipo aliyense amadziyika yekha mu malamulo ena, ngati angasinthe mtundu wa momwe amaganizira momwe amapangira dongosolo lina. Zomwe zilipo zamtsogolo za aliyense ndizomwe m'mbuyomu iye adapanga ndi momwe amaganizira.

M'mayiko aliwonse padziko lapansi anthu ambiri ndi ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ochepa pang'ono ndi ochita malonda, omwe akufuna. Ochepera ochepa ndi oganiza, amuna oganiza. Ndipo odziwa, amuna odziwa, ndi ochepa. Aliyense wapangidwa ndi malamulo anayiwo, koma m'malo mwake aliyense mwa anayiwo amalamulira atatu enawo. Chifukwa chake, munthu aliyense ndiwathupi, wokonda-kukhumba, amaganiza-ndiwodziwa. Izi ndichifukwa choti ali ndi makina amthupi oti azigwira ntchito ndikugwira nawo ntchito, ndipo amafuna kwambiri, ndipo amaganiza pang'ono, ndipo amadziwa zochepa kuposa momwe amaganizira. Koma zinthu zomwe iye akuganiza kuti zimamupanga iye wokhala thupi, kapena wamalonda, kapena woganiza, kapena wodziwa. Chifukwa chake pali makonzedwe anayi aanthu: amunthu, ochita malonda, oganiza, ndi odziwa; ndipo, kulingalira kwake kwake kumayika momwe iye aliri. Lamulo ndikuti: Muli monga momwe mudaganizira ndi kumverera: lingalirani ndikumverera momwe mukufuna; mudzakhala monga mukuganiza ndi kumva.

Ngati malingaliro a munthu akukhudzidwa makamaka ndi zilakolako zathupi ndi zosangalatsa za thupi, ndimapangidwe ake abwino ndi zisangalalo, ndiye kuti thupi lake limalamulira kuganiza kwake; ndipo ziribe kanthu maphunziro ake ndi mawonekedwe ake pamoyo, malingaliro ake amthupi amamuyika iye ndipo ndi wa dongosolo la amuna.

Ngati malingaliro a munthu ndikwaniritsa zokhumba zake kuti atenge, kupeza, kukhala nacho, kupeza phindu pogula, kugulitsa, kubwereketsa ndalama, ndiye kusinthana ndikulamulira malingaliro ake; amaganiza ndikupangira phindu; amalemera kuposa chitonthozo ndi zinthu zina; ndipo, ngati adabadwa kapena kuleredwa m'makalasi atatu ena kapena malingaliro ake, malingaliro ake amuchotsa mu kalasiyo ndikumuyika m'gulu la amalonda.

Ngati wina akhumba ndikulingalira mbiri ndi kudziwika kwa dzina lake ngati wofufuzira kapena wofunafuna kapena wothandiza, kapena wosiyanitsa pakati pa maudindo kapena zaluso, ndiye kuti malingaliro ake amaperekedwa pamituyi; amasangalala ndi mutu wamaganizidwe ake ndipo amayamikirira dzina lomwe limatitonthoza; ndipo malingaliro ake amasiyanitsa ndikumuyika iye mu dongosolo la oganiza.

Ngati wina akonda chidziwitso kuposa zinthu zonse, ndipo makamaka pazomwe angathe kuchita nazo, sakhutitsidwa ndi kutonthozedwa ndi kupeza ndi mbiri komanso mawonekedwe; Amaganizira zakomwe adayambira komanso zomwe zidatsogola komanso zomwe zimachitika, komanso zaomwe ali komanso momwe adalili. Sadzakhutira ndi malingaliro komanso malingaliro osakhutiritsa a ena. Amafuna ndikuganiza zopeza chidziwitso kuti athe kudziwitsa anthu ena. Amayikira chidziwitso kuposa zomwe amafuna mwakuthupi, chuma ndi zokhumba, kapena ulemu kapena kudziwika, kapena kusangalatsa kwa mphamvu yoganiza. Malingaliro ake amamuyika iye mu dongosolo la omwe akudziwa.

Dongosolo ili la anthu limakhalapo pansi pa boma lililonse. Koma munthu amakhala wopanda malire pakumvera kwina kapena wodziyimira pawokha, ndipo amakhala wolumikizidwa mokhazikika komanso wokhazikika mu oligarchy kapena desotism. Mu demokalase yeniyeni pomwe amatha kukhala ndi mwayi wokhala chomwe akudzipanga. Ngakhale akhala akuyesera ma demokalase ambiri, sipanakhalepo demokalase yeniyeni padziko lapansi pakati pa anthu, chifukwa, m'malo mophatikiza ufulu wawo waufulu ndi mwayi woganiza moona ndi ufulu wa kuyankhula, anthu nthawi zonse amalolera kusangalatsidwa ndikunyenga, kapena kugula ndikugulitsa.

M'madongosolo otukuka, monga zakale zochepa zanthawi zakale, nthawi zosintha zam'badwo komanso nyengo zitakhazikitsa demokalase, magwiridwe antchito amasinthidwe; koma anthu sanagwiritsepo ntchito mwayi wawo kudzilamulira, ngati anthu amodzi. Nthawi zonse amagwiritsa ntchito mwayi wopeza mpumulo, chuma, kapena mphamvu; ndi kudzilimbitsa okha, aliyense payekha kapena ngati maphwando, kapena magulu, pazomwe amaziwona ngati ndizokonda zawo kapena zosangalatsa za moyo. M'malo mopanga nzika zoyenera payekhapayekha, ndikusankha amuna abwino komanso oyenerera kukhala akazembe awo, anthu apereka ufulu wawo ngati anthu polola anthu ochita zachiphamaso kuti awanyenge ndi kuwalipiritsa ndikulonjeza kapena kugula mavoti awo.

M'malo mwa nzika iliyonse kuyang'ana zokomera anthu onse, kuchuluka kwa nzika sanyalanyaza ntchito zachitukuko: atenga zabwino zilizonse zomwe angapeze iwo kapena chipani chawo ndikulola maudindo a boma kuti awatenge odutsa andale. Ziphuphu zanyoza komanso kunyoza mawu olemekezeka monga andale, andale, wolamulira, kukhala zofananira za chitonzo, zachinyengo, zofunkha, zakubedwa, kuba, kuchitira ena ulemu, kapena mphamvu.

Ndale zimasewera gawo la nkhandwe ndi mimbulu yomwe imagawidwa m'matumba. Kenako amakangana wina ndi mnzake kuti ateteze gulu la ziweto zawo. Ndiye, ndi kuchita kwawo mochenjera komanso kuchita zachiwerewere, andale andale ndi andewu amatenga nzika nzawo motsutsana wina ndi mzake pamasewera omwe amakonda "Capital" motsutsana ndi "Labor," ndi "Labor" motsutsana ndi "Capital." Masewerawa ndikuwona kuti ndi mbali iti yomwe ingachite bwino kupereka zochepa komanso kupeza zochuluka, ndipo andale andale ndi nkhandwe amatenga msonkho mbali zonse ziwiri.

Masewerawa akupitilira mpaka Capital imayendetsa Ntchito kumka ku ukapolo kapena kusintha; kapena, mpaka Labor itawononga capital komanso kubweretsa kuwonongedwa konse kwa maboma ndi chitukuko. Atsogoleri andale ndi nkhandwe ali olakwa; koma osankhika enieniwo ndi nzika, “Chuma” ndi “Ogwira Ntchito,” omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala nkhandwe ndi mimbulu yomwe imadzipatula ngati nkhosa. Capital ikuwathandiza andale kudziwa momwe akuyembekezerera kupereka zochepa kwa Labor ndikupeza kwambiri, chifukwa ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa pamavoti a Labor. Ndipo a Labor amawauza andale momwe amafuna kuwongolera kapena kupeza zambiri, ndikupatsanso zochepa, Capital, posinthanitsa ndi mavoti omwe Labor amapereka.

Otsutsa ndale amalimbana wina ndi mnzake kuti alamulire Capital ndi Labor. Capital ndi Labor nkhondo, iliyonse yolamulira inzake. Chifukwa chake kulimbirana kwa phwando lirilonse ndi mbali iliyonse kuti titeteze zofuna zake, mosasamala za zina, zimangotayitsa chidwi cha onse. Izi zakhala zikuchitika pazomwe zakhala zikuchitika pa ma demokalase am'mbuyomu, mwa chilichonse chomwe maphwando kapena mbali zinkadziwika. Ndipo izi ndizomwe zikuwopseza kuti zichitike pazomwe zimadziwika kuti demokalase.

Demokalase yeniyeni ikhale boma lopangidwa ndi anthu odziwa bwino komanso ovomerezeka mwa anthu osankhidwa ndi mavoti a anthu kuti aziwongolera, kupangira malamulo, ndi kuweruza, komanso kukhala atsogoleri ndi otsogola pa chitukuko ndi chidwi cha anthu onse. monga kuti onse anali a banja limodzi lalikulu. M'banja loyenera palibe mamembala awiri ofanana kapena ali amisinkhu ndi kuthekera, kapena ali ofanana pakukhalanso wathanzi ndi kuthekanso kuchita ntchito zofanana m'moyo. Palibe membala aliyense amene ayenera kunyoza kapena kulingalira membala wina aliyense wotsika mwanjira yoti achite manyazi ndi mnzake. Iwo ali monga iwo ali. Iliyonse imakhala ndi ubale wina ndi mnzake ndipo onse ndi olumikizidwa ndi maubwenzi enieni monga banja limodzi. Otha ndi amphamvu ayenera kuthandiza osowa kapena ofooka, ndipo nawonso amayenera kukhala othandiza komanso olimba. Aliyense wogwira ntchito mwanjira yake kuchitira ena zabwino amakhala akugwira ntchito kuti iye ndi banja lake atukuke. Momwemonso demokalase yeniyeni idzakhala boma losankhidwa ndi kupatsidwa mphamvu ndi anthu kuti aziwongolera anthu chifukwa chokomera anthu onse ndikukhala anthu amodzi.