THE

MAWU

APRIL 1915

Amayi ndi Anzanu

Kodi magnetism ndi magulu akugwirizana bwanji, ndipo amasiyana motani ngati atero? Nanga magnetism ndi nyama zamagnetism zimagwirizana bwanji, nanga zimasiyana bwanji, ngati zili choncho?

Sayansi yabwino sanena kuti mphamvu yokoka ndiyotani, ndipo amavomereza kuti sakudziwa. Zowona, komabe, zomwe zimawonedwa ndi asayansi, ndipo zomwe zimatchedwa kukoka, zimanenedwa mwachidule, kuti pali kukoka komwe thupi lililonse limakhala nako pa thupi lina lililonse molingana ndi kuchuluka kwake, ndikuti mphamvu ya kukoka imachepetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mtunda pakati pa matupi ndikukula ndikuyandikira kwawo. Kutsata kwa zowunikira, zomwe zimatchedwa mphamvu yokoka, zimadziwonetsera popanda kulemekeza kapangidwe kazinthuzo m'matupi. Anthu onse, motero, amayang'anirana.

Magnetism ndi mphamvu yodabwitsa zokhudzana ndi momwe sayansi idafotokozera mpaka pano, ngakhale zinthu zina zomwe zimachokera ku mphamvu zamatsenga zimadziwika kwa asayansi. Magnetism ndi mphamvu yomwe imadziwonetsa yokha kudzera pa maginito. Maginito ndi thupi lomwe mbali zonse kapena zina zimakhala zofanana polarity, ndipo komwe ma ax pakati pa mitengoyo amakhala ofanana. Mitengo yabwino ya tinthu tokhala ndi nkhwangwa yofanana ikuwunikira mbali imodzi, mitengo yolakwika ya zigawozi imaloza mbali ina. Thupi limakhala ndi maginito, molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa zigawo zomwe zimafanana kapena nkhwangwa pafupifupi zofanana ndi polarity. Maginito amayandikira ungwiro ngati maginito, mogwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tofanana ndi ma axel ofanana, poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa ma cell omwe alibe ma axel omwe safanana ndipo safanana ndi polarity. Magnetism imawonekera kudzera mu thupi molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa tinthu tina tambiri tomwe timakhala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi, ndiye kuti, timakhala ngati mbali ndi mbali. Magnetism ndi mphamvu yomwe ilipo kulikonse padziko lapansi, koma imawonekera kudzera m'matupi okhala ndi mphamvu yamaukidwe ake. Izi zikugwira ntchito pazinthu zopanda moyo.

Mphamvu yomweyo imakwezedwa mphamvu yayikulu m'matupi amanyama. Mphamvu yamagulu azinyama ndikugwira ntchito kwa mphamvu kudzera m'matupi a nyama, pomwe matupi ake ndi a mtundu wina. Kapangidwe kake kazinthu zamagalamu kuyenera kukhala kotero kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala m'maselo ndi maselo a chinyama ndi mapangidwe ake kotero kuti mphamvu yapadziko lonse lapansi ipite kudzera mwa iwo. Kuti izi zitheke mpangidwe uyenera kukhala wofanana ndi wamagetsi apamwamba. Chizindikiro cha thupi la chinyama ndi msana, ndipo matupi a nyama ndi mphamvu pamene tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala m'maselo timasinthidwa molingana ndi gawo lofanana la msana komanso m'mphepete mwa mafupa. Zochita kuchokera kumitengo yamthupi pogwiritsa ntchito mitsempha. Kusamba kwa maginito kapena munda ndi momwe mumazungulira thupi. Matupi anyama aliwonse omwe amabwera m'munda uno, amakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yapadziko lonse yomwe imayenda kudzera mu mphamvu ya nyamayi ndipo kenako imatchedwa mphamvu ya nyama.

Kukopa kwa nyama si maginito aumwini, ngakhale kuli ndi gawo popanga zomwe zimatchedwa kuti makina amatsenga. Kukopa kwa nyama sikungoganiza chabe, ngakhale anthu okhala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi amagwiritsa ntchito kuti apange zotsatira za hypnotic.

Ma linga sharira, kapena mawonekedwe osawoneka a thupi, ndi batiri yosungira moyo. Imodzi mwanjira zomwe moyo umagwirira ntchito ndi maginito. Ngati linga sharira m'thupi la munthu ili ndi zopangidwa ndi thupi monga zanenedwa, ndiye kuti, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timalumikizana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, ndiye kuti ikhoza kugwira ndikusunga moyo ndipo ikhoza kufalitsa moyowo pansi pa gawo lomwe limatchedwa kuti nyamayi.

Yankho la funsoli ndikuti palibe ubale wachindunji pakati pa mphamvu yokoka ndi mphamvu ya nyama monga wafotokozedwera. Amasiyana m'mawuwo, mpaka pakukoka, mphamvu iliyonse imakoka misa ina iliyonse, ndipo mphamvu yotchedwa mphamvu yokoka imagwira ntchito nthawi zonse; koma mphamvu yomwe imatchedwa kuti nyamayi imagwira ntchito sikugwira ntchito nthawi zonse, koma imagwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati pali nyama, mawonekedwe ake omwe ali ofanana ndi ma ax.

Kodi mankhwala amachititsa bwanji magnetism?

Mphamvu yamagetsi ya nyama ndi mphamvu ya chilengedwe chonse yomwe imagwira ntchito mthupi la munthu, momwe ma cell amayang'aniridwa ndikusanjidwa mwanjira inayake, yomwe polarization ndi makonzedwe amathandizira amoyo padziko lonse lapansi ndikuloleza kusunthira kwamoyo mwachindunji ku thupi lina la nyama.

Thupi lamatenda ndilomwe limasowa masanjidwe ake, kapena ndi lomwe limalepheretsa kayendedwe ka moyo, kapena momwe masinthidwe adachitika chifukwa chakusapumira komanso chizolowezi cha moyo. Yemwe ali ndi mphamvu zamatsenga zanyama, ndipo wina kudzera momwe nyamayi imafalikira, amachiritsa matenda ena. Amatha kuchiritsa kupezeka kwake kokha osalumikizana ndi thupi, kapena angachiritse polumikizana ndi matupi athu kuti achiritsidwe. Pamene kuchiritsa kumachitika ndi kukhalapo kwa wochiritsidwayo kumachitika ndikutchingira odwala mlengalenga pozungulira wochiritsayo. Mlengalenga ndi malo osambira maginito, okhala ndi moyo wapadziko lonse lapansi. Mphamvu yamagetsi yazinyama ndi dzina loipa chifukwa cha mphamvu zazikuluzikulu zakuthambo, koma timagwiritsa ntchito pano kuti tisungebe momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito nthawiyo. Kusamba kumachitika pamlengalenga wa munthu wodwala ndipo kumakonzanso kusintha kwa mphamvu ya chilengedwe chonse, pochotsa zolepheretsa, kukhazikitsanso kuzungulira, komanso mwa kukonzanso molekyulu ya maselo, kuti mphamvu ya moyo zimayenda mosadukiza ndipo ziwalo mthupi zimaloledwa kuchita ntchito zawo zachilengedwe.

Kuchiritsa kudzera mu mphamvu zamagetsi, ngati kuchitidwa ndi kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi thupi la wochiritsiralo, kumachitika bwino pamene manja a wochiritsirayo, akuchita ngati mitengo yabwino ndi yoyipa, amayiyika thupi kapena gawo lakhudzidwa. Mphamvu ya maginito imatha kuchokera mbali iliyonse ya thupi, monga maso, mabere, koma njira yachilengedwe kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito njirayi ndi manja. Chofunikira pakuthandizira kuchiritsa ndikuti malingaliro a mchiritsi sayenera kusokoneza kufalitsa maginito. Nthawi zambiri malingaliro amakhudza ndikusokoneza mayesedwe ochiritsa, chifukwa ochiritsa nthawi zambiri amakondera kuti akuyenera kutsogolera kutulutsa kwa mphamvu zamagetsi ndi malingaliro ake. Nthawi iliyonse yomwe wochiritsa amachita ndi malingaliro ake okhudzana ndi maginito, pomwe akuyesera kuchiritsa, adzabvulaza, chifukwa malingaliro samayambitsa kuchiritsa, ngakhale atha kuyendetsa ndi kukongoletsa mphamvu ya maginito. Malingaliro amasokoneza ndikulepheretsa zochitika zachilengedwe zamagetsi. Mphamvu ya maginito imachitika mwachilengedwe ngati sangasokonezedwe ndi malingaliro. Zachilengedwe, osati malingaliro, zimayambitsa kuchira. Malingaliro a munthu sadziwa chilengedwe, ndipo samadzidziwa yekha akakhala m'thupi. Ngati zikadadzidziwa yokha m'thupi ndiye kuti malingaliro sangasokoneze chilengedwe.

Mnzanu [HW Percival]