THE

MAWU

NOVEMBER 1909

Amayi ndi Anzanu

Sikuwoneka kuti maganizo awiri kapena angapo otsutsana angakhale abwino pa chowonadi chirichonse. Nchifukwa chiyani pali malingaliro ochuluka okhudzana ndi mavuto kapena zinthu zina? Nanga tidzatha bwanji kudziwa zomwe zili zolondola ndi zomwe choonadi chiri?

Chowonadi Chokhacho sichingatsimikiziridwe kapena kuwonetsedwa m'malingaliro amunthu, komanso lingaliro laumunthu silingamvetsetse umboni wotere kapena ziwonetsero sizikadatheka kuzipereka, kuposa momwe malamulo, bungwe, ndi ntchito ya chilengedwe chitha kutsimikizidwira. njuchi, kapena kuposa tadpole imatha kumvetsetsa momwe imagwirira ntchito ndi mwanjira ina. Koma ngakhale malingaliro amunthu sangamvetse Choonadi Chimodzi mu zinthu, ndizotheka kumvetsetsa china chake cha chowonadi chokhudza chinthu chilichonse kapena vuto m'chilengedwechi. Choonadi ndi chinthu monga chilili. Ndizotheka kuti malingaliro aumunthu akhale ophunzitsidwa bwino kwambiri ndikuphunzira kumene kuti athe kudziwa chilichonse monga momwe chilili. Pali magawo atatu kapena madigiri omwe malingaliro aumunthu ayenera kudutsamo, asanadziwe chilichonse chomwe chiri. Dziko loyamba ndi umbuli, kapena mdimawo; chachiwiri ndi lingaliro, kapena chikhulupiriro; chachitatu ndi chidziwitso, kapena chowonadi monga momwe chiliri.

Kusazindikira ndi chikhalidwe chamdima m'maganizo chomwe malingaliro amatha kuwona pang'ono, koma osatha kuchimvetsa. Pamene mu umbuli malingaliro amalowera mkati ndipo amawongoleredwa ndi mphamvu. Mphamvu zimachita mitambo, zimakhala ndi utoto ndipo zimasokoneza malingaliro kuti malingaliro sangathe kusiyanitsa pakati pa mtambo waumbuli ndi chinthucho. Malingaliro amakhalabe osazindikira pomwe amawongoleredwa, kuwongoleredwa ndikuwongoleredwa ndi mphamvu. Kutuluka mumdima waumbuli, malingaliro amayenera kukhudzika ndi kumvetsetsa zinthu monga kusiyanitsidwa ndi kumva kwa zinthu. Maganizo akafuna kumvetsetsa chinthu, monga chimasiyanitsidwa ndi kuzindikira chinthucho, chimayenera kuganiza. Kuganiza kumapangitsa kuti malingaliro achoke mu mkhalidwe wakhungu wakuda kulowa mumkhalidwe wamalingaliro. Maganizo ake ndi oti momwe malingaliro amamva kanthu ndikuyesera kuti adziwe kuti ndi chiyani. Maganizo akakhala ndi china chilichonse kapena vuto lililonse limayamba kudzipatula monga woganiza kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zimazikhudza. Kenako zimayamba kukhala ndi malingaliro pazinthu. Malingaliro awa sanawakhudzire iwo pomwe anali okhutitsidwa ndi dziko la umbuli, monganso momwe aulesi m'maganizo angakhalire otanganitsidwa ndi malingaliro pazinthu zomwe sizikugwira ntchito m'malingaliro. Koma adzakhala ndi malingaliro pazinthu zodabwitsa. Malingaliro ndi chikhalidwe chomwe malingaliro sangathe kuwona chowonadi, kapena chinthu monga chiliri, chosiyana ndi mphamvu, kapena zinthu momwe zimawonekera. Maganizo a munthu amapanga zomwe amakhulupirira. Zikhulupiriro zake ndizotsatira za malingaliro ake. Malingaliro ndi dziko lapakati pakati pa mdima ndi kuwala. Ndi dziko lapansi momwe zinthu ndi zinthu zosinthika zimayanjana ndi kuunika ndi mithunzi ndikuwonetsedwa kwa zinthuzo. Munthawi yamalingaliro awa malingaliro sangathe kapena kusiyanitsa mthunzi ndi chinthu chomwe amachiwona, ndipo sangathe kuwona kuwala kukhala kosiyana ndi mthunzi kapena chinthu. Kuti tichoke mu malingaliro, malingaliro amayenera kumvetsetsa kusiyana pakati pa kuunika, chinthu, ndi mawonekedwe ake kapena mthunzi wake. Maganizo akayamba kuyesa amayamba kusiyanitsa pakati pa malingaliro olondola ndi malingaliro olakwika. Lingaliro lolondola ndikuthekera kwa malingaliro kusankha kusiyanitsa pakati pa chinthucho ndi mawonekedwe ake ndi mawonekedwe ake, kapena kuwona momwe zilili. Lingaliro lolakwika ndikulakwitsa kwa kuwonetsera kapena mthunzi wa chinthu cha chinthucho. Mukadali mumalingaliro amalingaliro sangathe kuwona kuwala kukhala kosiyana ndi malingaliro oyenera ndi olakwika, kapena zinthuzo ndizosiyana ndi mawonekedwe ndi mithunzi yawo. Kuti athe kukhala ndi malingaliro oyenera, munthu ayenera kumasula malingaliro ku tsankho komanso kusokonezedwa ndimphamvu. Mphamvu zimakongoletsa kapena zimapangitsa malingaliro kuti atulutse tsankho, ndipo komwe tsankho kulibe lingaliro lolondola. Kuganiza ndi kuphunzitsidwa kwa malingaliro kuganiza ndizofunikira kupanga malingaliro olondola. Pamene malingaliro apanga lingaliro loyenera ndikukana kulola mphamvu kuti zisonkhezere kapena kusala malingaliro otsutsana ndi lingaliro loyenera, ndikukhala ndi lingaliro loyenera, ziribe kanthu ngati lingakhale lotsutsana ndi udindo wa munthu kapena zofuna za iyemwini kapena abwenzi, ndipo kumamatira ku ganizo lolondola kale ndi m’malo mwa china chirichonse, ndiye kuti maganizo panthaŵiyo adzadutsa mu mkhalidwe wa chidziwitso. Malingaliro sangakhale ndi lingaliro la chinthu kapena kusokonezedwa ndi zotsutsana ndi malingaliro ena, koma adzadziwa kuti chinthucho chiri monga momwe chiliri. Wina amachoka pamalingaliro kapena zikhulupiriro, ndi kulowa mumkhalidwe wa chidziwitso kapena kuunika, pogwiritsitsa zomwe akudziwa kuti ndizoona m'malo mwazonse.

Malingaliro amaphunzira kudziwa chowonadi cha chinthu china chilichonse pokhudzana ndi chinthucho. Pazidziwitso, ataphunzira kuganiza ndikutha kufikira malingaliro oyenera mwamasuka ku tsankho komanso ndikupitiliza kuganiza, malingaliro amawona chilichonse monga momwe chiliri ndipo amadziwa kuti momwe zilili ndi kuwala. ndiko kuunika kwa chidziwitso. Ndili munthawi ya umbuli zinali zosatheka kuwona, ndipo ndili munthawi yamalingaliro sikunawone kuwala, koma tsopano mumkhalidwe wazidziwitso malingaliro amawona kuwala, monga kusiyanitsidwa ndi chinthu ndi mawonekedwe ake ndi mithunzi . Kuwala kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti chowonadi cha chinthu chimadziwika, kuti chinthu chilichonse chimadziwika monga momwe chiliri komanso osati monga chikuwonekera ngati chinkachita mitambo posazindikira kapena posokonezeka ndi malingaliro. Kuwalako kwa chidziwitso choona sikungakhale kolakwika kwa nyali kapena kuwala kulikonse komwe kumadziwika m'malingaliro mwakusazindikira kapena malingaliro. Kuwala kwa chidziwitso palokha ndi umboni wopanda umboni. Izi zikuwoneka, ndi chifukwa choti kulingalira kwatha ndi chidziwitso, monga munthu akadziwa chinthu sakupitanso mu njira yovuta yolingalira pazomwe wafotokoza kale ndipo tsopano akudziwa.

Ngati wina alowa m'chipinda chamdima, amayamba kuyang'ana kuchipindacho ndipo akhoza kupunthwa pazinthu zomwe zili mmalo mwake, ndikudziphulitsa pompopompo ndi mipanda, kapena kugundana ndi ena omwe akuyenda osafunafuna monga iye mchipindacho. Umu ndi m'mene anthu osazindikira amakhalira. Atasunthira m'chipindacho maso ake amazolowera mdimawo, ndipo poyesera amatha kusiyanitsa chithunzi cha chinthucho ndi mawonekedwe osunthira m'chipindacho. Izi zikufanana ndi kuchoka pachikhalidwe chosazindikira kupita munthawi yamalingaliro pomwe munthu amatha kusiyanitsa chinthu chimodzi ndikuzindikira komanso momwe samagwirizanirana ndi ziwerengero zina. Tiyerekeze kuti munthu yemwe ali mchigawochi tsopano akudziyesa nyali yomwe idanyamulidwa ndi kubisala za munthu wake, ndipo tiyerekeze kuti tsopano akutulutsa kuwala ndikuwazungulira mchipindacho. Mwa kuyaluka mozungulira chipindacho sakusokoneza yekha komanso amasokoneza ndikusunthwitsa ena mchipindacho. Izi zili ngati munthu yemwe akuyesera kuti awone zinthuzo momwe zilili monga asiyanitsidwa ndi zomwe adawonekerazo. Pamene akuwala kuyatsa kwake zinthuzo zimawoneka mosiyana ndi momwe zimakhalira ndipo kuwala kumawunikira kapena kusokoneza masomphenya ake, monga momwe munthu amaonera amasokonezedwa ndi malingaliro otsutsana a iye ndi ena. Koma pamene akufufuza mosamala chinthu chomwe nyali yake imapumula ndipo osasokonezedwa kapena kusokonezedwa ndi kuwala kwina kwa ziwonetsero zina zomwe mwina zikuyatsa, amaphunzira kuwona chilichonse monga momwe ziliri, ndipo amaphunzira ndikupitilizabe kusanthula zinthuzo. momwe mungawonere chilichonse m'chipindacho. Tiyeni tiyerekeze kuti angathe kupenda zinthu ndi dongosolo la chipindacho kuti adziwe zitseko za chipinda chomwe chatsekedwa. Mwa kuyeserera kupitiliza amatha kuchotsa zomwe zimalepheretsa kutseguka ndipo akamayatsa kuunika kulowa mchipindacho ndikuwonetsa zinthu zonse. Ngati sanachititsidwa khungu ndi kusefukira kwa kuwala kowoneka bwino ndipo osatsekanso chitseko chifukwa cha kuunika komwe kumalowera ndikuwala maso ake, osazolowera kuunika, pang'onopang'ono adzawona zinthu zonse mchipindacho popanda kupita pang'onopang'ono pamwamba pa aliyense payekhapayekha ndi mawonekedwe ake osakira. Kuwala komwe kumasefukira m'chipindacho kuli ngati kuwala kwa chidziwitso. Kuwala kwa chidziwitso kumapangitsa kuti zina zonse zidziwike momwe ziliri ndipo ndi kuwunikaku komwe chinthu chilichonse chimadziwika ndi momwe ziliri.

Mnzanu [HW Percival]