THE
MAWU
OCTOBER 1915
| Copyright 1915 ndi HW PERCIVAL |
Amayi ndi Anzanu
Ndi motani kuti mavuto omwe adayesayesa zonse zomwe zikuwoneka ndipo zikuwoneka kuti zosatheka kuthetsa nthawi yomwe akutha ayenera kuthetsedwa pamene agona kapena nthawi yomweyo?
Kuti muthe kuthana ndi vuto, zipinda zaubongo siziyenera kulembedwa. Pakakhala zosokoneza kapena zoletsa zina muzipinda za ubongo, njira yothetsera vuto lirilonse lomwe limaganiziridwa limalepheretsedwa kapena kuyimitsidwa. Momwe zisokonezo ndi zolepheretsa zitangotha, vutoli limathetsedwa.
Malingaliro ndi ubongo ndi zina mwa njira yothetsera vuto, ndipo ntchitoyo ndi ntchito yamaganizidwe. Vutoli likhoza kukhudzidwa ndi zotsatira za thupi, monga zomwe zigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi njira yanji yomangira yomwe ingatsatidwe pomanga mlatho kuti ikhale ndi kulemera kochepa komanso kulimba kwambiri; kapena vutoli litha kukhala nkhani yosakhudzika, monga, kodi timasiyanitsidwa bwanji ndikugwirizana ndi chidziwitso?
Vuto lakuthupi limathetsedwa ndi malingaliro; koma polingalira kukula, mtundu, kulemera, mphamvu zimayimbidwa kuti zisewere ndikuthandizira malingaliro kuthetsa vutoli. Njira yothetsera vuto kapena gawo la vuto lomwe siliri lakuthupi ndi njira yamaganiza momwe mphamvu sizikhudzidwa komanso momwe machitidwe amathandizire amasokoneza kapena kulepheretsa malingaliro kuthetsa vutoli. Ubongo ndiye malo amisonkhano ndi malingaliro, ndipo pamavuto okhudzana ndi thupi kapena zolimbikitsa zimapangitsa malingaliro ndi mphamvu kuzichita limodzi mu ubongo. Koma malingaliro akakhala kuti akuthandiza pamavuto a zinthu zomwe sizingachitike, mphamvu sizikhudzidwa; Komabe, zinthu zakunja zimawonekera kudzera mu mphamvu mkati mwa ubongo ndipo mumasokoneza kapena kulepheretsa malingaliro mu ntchito yake. Malingaliro atatha kubweretsa mawonekedwe ake kuti athe kupirira mokwanira pamavuto omwe amawaganizira, zosokoneza zakunja kapena malingaliro omwe sakhudzidwa samachotsedwa muzipinda za ubongo, ndipo yankho lavuto limawoneka nthawi yomweyo.
Mu nthawi yodzutsa malingaliro amakhala otseguka, ndipo kuwona kosafunikira ndi mawu ndi malingaliro ochokera kunja kwadzidzidzi amathamangira mosazindikira kupita ku zipinda za malingaliro mu ubongo ndikusokoneza ntchito ya malingaliro. Mphamvu ikatsekeka kunjaku, monga ali m'tulo, malingaliro amakhala olepheretsedwa mu ntchito yake. Koma kenako kugona kumadula malingaliro kuchokera kumalingaliro ndipo nthawi zambiri kumalepheretsa malingaliro kuti abweretse chidziwitso cha zomwe wachita ngakhale kuti sunalumikizane ndi mphamvu. Maganizo akasiya kuloza vuto, vuto limayendetsedwa nawo ngati limachoka pakumatha kugona, ndipo yankho lake limabwezedwa ndikugwirizana ndi mphamvu zakuuka.
Yemwe ali m'tulo wathetsa vuto lomwe sakanatha kulithetsa potanthauza kuti malingaliro ake achita mu tulo zomwe sanathe kuchita atadzuka. Ngati anali kulota yankho, nkhaniyo ikukhudzana ndi zinthu zosangalatsa. Pakutero, malingaliro, osalolera kuvutikaku, anali atapitiriza kulota njira yomwe idakhudzidwira idadzuka; kulingalira kunangosinthidwa kuchokera ku mphamvu zakunja zakumaso kupita ku mphamvu zamkati zamkati. Ngati phunziroli silikhudzidwa ndi zinthu zowoneka bwino, yankho silidzalota, ngakhale mu tulo yankho limatha kubwera nthawi yomweyo. Komabe, sizachilendo kuti mayankho pamavuto azilota kapena azibwera ali m'tulo.
Mayankho pamavuto amawoneka ngati amabwera tulo, koma mayankho nthawi zambiri amabwera munthawiyo pomwe malingaliro amalumikizananso ndi mphamvu zakudzuka, kapena atangodzuka kumene. Mayankho pamavuto azinthu zachilendo sangathe kulota, chifukwa mphamvu imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maloto ndipo mphamvu zimasokoneza kapena kulepheretsa kuganiza. Ngati malingaliro akugona osalota athetsa vuto, ndipo yankho limadziwika kuti mwamunayo ali maso, ndiye kuti malingaliro akuwoneka nthawi yomweyo pomwe yankho lafikira.
Malingaliro sapuma kugona, ngakhale palibe maloto kapena kukumbukira ntchito zamaganizidwe. Koma zochitika za malingaliro mu tulo, ndipo ngakhale osalota, sizingatheke kudziwika podzuka, chifukwa mulibe mlatho womwe udamangidwa pakati pa mayiko a malingaliro ndi mayiko a kudzutsidwa kapena malingaliro akudzuka; komabe wina atha kupeza zotsatira za ntchitozi m'njira yopangitsa kuti achite pakukonzekera. Mlatho wokhala kwakanthawi pakati pa mayiko oganiza bwino komanso okopa chidwi umapangidwa ndi munthu amene amagona mwamphamvu vuto lomwe limayang'anitsitsa ali maso. Ngati agwiritsa ntchito malingaliro ake mokwanira pakuyesetsa kuyang'ana pa yankho lavuto ali maso, kuyeserera kwake kudzapitiliza kugona, tulo timayang'aniridwa ndipo adzadzuka ndikuzindikira yankho, ngati akadakwanitsa pakugona.
Mnzanu [HW Percival]