THE

MAWU

AUGUST 1915

Amayi ndi Anzanu

Kodi njira yabwino yogwirizanitsa ziganizo ndi zotani kuti palibe nthawi imene wophunzirayo sadziwa kanthu?

Nkhani ya funsoli ndi imodzi yomwe nthawi zambiri silingaganizidwe. Anthu amene amaganiza kuti kawirikawiri amaganiza kuti izi sizothandiza. Koma nkhaniyi ndi yofunika. Ngakhale kuti nthawi yopanda chidziwitso pakati pa kukwatira ndi kulota sizingathetsedwe ngati munthu sali munthu woposa, akhoza kuchepetsedwa kwambiri. Mu chikhalidwe chokweza munthu amadziwa zinthu zokhudzana ndi iye, ndipo mwanjira inayake amadziwa yekha. Muloto lotolo amadziwa mwanjira ina.

Munthu weniweni ndi chidziwitso, kuwala kwa thupi. Iye, monga chidziwitso chimenecho, oyanjana mu chikhalidwe chokwera thupi lachitetezo, lomwe ndi chigoba chophatikizidwa mu chigaza. Pachikhalidwe cha thupi chimamuuza zambiri zokhudzana ndi ntchito zopanda ntchito zomwe zimachitika m'thupi, monga kupuma, kukumba, kutseka, ndi zotsatira za ntchitoyi monga zosangalatsa kapena zowawa. Maganizo, pogwiritsa ntchito mitsempha, amapanga chizindikiritso chozindikira zinthu zomwe ziri mdziko. Chilengedwe chimagwira ntchito pamfundoyi kuchokera mkati ndi kunja. Pa nthawi yakuuka, kuchokera mkati mwa mkhalidwe wa thupi la munthu; kuchokera kunja kupita ku zinthu zopanda kuzindikira mu dziko. Chikhalidwe chimamugwira iye kudzera mu dongosolo la mitsempha lachisomo, malo ojambula omwe, mu ubongo, ndi thupi lopuma. Munthu amagwira thupi lake kudzera m'katikatikati mwa mitsempha ya m'mitsempha, yomwe imakhazikitsanso gulu lopuma. Kotero chidziwitsochi chimakhudzana ndi chilengedwe kudzera mu thupi lachibwibwi, ndipo chimagwira pa chirengedwe ndipo chimagwira thupi ndi thupi lomwelo.

Thupi lachibwibwi ndilo mpando ndi malo omwe chikumbumtimacho chimalandira zochitika kuchokera ku chilengedwe ndi zomwe zidziwitso zoyendetsera ntchito, zomwe zimagwira kapena zotsutsana ndi chilengedwe kudzera m'katikati mwa mitsempha. Kuwonekera kwa mmaiko akuuka pa thupi lachibwibwi kumasokoneza ndikuletsa kugwira ntchito zapadera komanso zachibadwa za thupi. Kuwala kumeneku pa thupi lachitetezo kumapangitsa kuti thupi liwonongeke, ndipo limalepheretsa magulu amoyo kukonzanso ziwalo ndi zida za thupi, ndikuzisunga mwamphamvu. Kuwala kukuwalira kuti thupi lonse lisagwedezeke, ndipo ngati kukangana kukupitirirabe kufa kwanthawi yaitali kumakhoza kutsatila, popeza palibe mphamvu ya moyo yomwe ingalowe pamene thupi likuvutitsidwa mothandizidwa ndi zizindikiro izi. Pofuna kuti thupi lizipita, ndikofunikira kuti thupi likhale ndi nthawi yomwe silikusokoneza, ndipo ikapuma ndikupumula. Pa chifukwa ichi nthawi yomwe amatchedwa kugona imaperekedwa kwa thupi. Kugona kumapangitsa kuti thupi likhale labwino kumene mphamvu zamoyo zingalowe, kukonza, ndi kuzidyetsa. Kugona n'kotheka pamene kuwala kwa chidziwitso chimasiya kuwunika pa thupi lopuma.

Mfundo yozindikira ndi gawo la malingaliro; Ndi gawo limenelo la malingaliro omwe amalumikizana ndi thupi. Kulumikizana kumapangidwa kupyolera m'katikati mwa mitsempha yamkati ndipo imayendetsedwa kudzera mu thupi lopuma. Kudzuka ndi boma chifukwa cha kugwirizana kumene kulipo pakati pa kayendedwe kabwino ka mitsempha ndi dongosolo lachisomo la mitsempha pogwiritsa ntchito malo wamba, thupi lopuma. Malingana ngati chidziwitso chimawala kuwala pa thupi lachibwibwi mwamuna ali maso-ndiko kuzindikira, dziko. Malinga ngati malingaliro aperekedwa ku chidziwitso kudzera mwa dongosolo lamanjenje lachisomo, chidziwitso chimachititsa kuti kuwala kwake kukuwunikire pa thupi lopuma ndipo limakhudza thupi lonse. Pamene thupi liri lotopa kwambiri kuchokera ku kutopa ndipo lirikutha mphamvu yake yolimba ilo silingakhoze kulandira malingaliro kuchokera ku chirengedwe ndipo silingakhoze kuwapititsa iwo ku thupi lopulumutsira, ngakhale kuti lingaliro likanakhoza kulandira iwo. Ndimo momwe thupi liri lotopa koma malingaliro akufuna kukhala maso. Gawo linanso ndilokuti malingaliro enieniwo alibe chidwi ndi malingaliro omwe angalandire kuchokera ku chirengedwe ndipo ali wokonzeka kuchoka. M'zochitika zonsezi kugona kudzachitika.

Kugona kumalowa pamene mawotchi akugwirizanitsa zigawo ziwiri za mitsempha mu thupi lachitetezo amatembenuzidwa kuti kugwirizana kusweka.

Pambuyo pa mgwirizano ukuphwanyidwa mfundo yeniyeni ili mu chikhalidwe cholota, kapena mudziko lomwe palibe kukumbukira komwe kukusungidwa. Maloto amachitika pamene chidziwitso chimawala, monga momwe chimakhalira nthawi zambiri, pa mitsempha ya maganizo, yomwe imagwirizana ndi ubongo. Ngati chidziwitso sichikuwonekera pa mitsempha imeneyi palibe maloto.

Pa nthawi yowutsa, chidziwitso chiri mukatikati, kufanana ngati kukuphatikizana ndi thupi lopuma. Kuyanjana kotereku ndimene munthu amazitcha kuzindikira, koma kwenikweni sikumvetsa. Komabe, mpaka momwe izo zikupitira, ndipo monga momwe ziri zonse munthu amene ali mu chikhalidwe chake cha pakali pano akhoza kudzidziwa za iyemwini, lolani izo, chifukwa chafupikitsa, zizitchedwe chidziwitso. Izi ndizo maziko omwe akuyimira pamene akulira. Iye sakanakhala ndi chidziwitso kapena akudziwa chirichonse ngati kunja kwa dziko sikunamugwire iye ndi kumulimbikitsa iye. Pamene akulimbikitsidwa ndi chilengedwe amadziŵa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo chiwerengero cha zokondweretsa kapena zopweteka ndi zomwe amadziyitanira yekha. Zotsalira za zolemba zonse zomwe zimapangidwa mwachilengedwe iye amadziwika yekha. Koma izi siziri zake. Zochitika zonsezi zimamulepheretsa kudziwa zomwe iye ali. Popeza sakudziwa kuti ndi ndani, mawu awa sangapereke zambiri kwa munthu wamba, komabe zidzakhala za mtengo wapatali ngati tanthawuzoli lidzakwaniritsidwa.

Pali, monga munthu amapita kukagona, nthawi yamdima pakati pa kukhala wodziwa mukumuka komanso kukhala wozindikira mu maloto. Nthaŵi yamdima iyi, yomwe munthu sadziwa kanthu, imayamba chifukwa cha kusokonekera pamene makinawo atsekedwa ndipo kuwala kwa chidziwitso sikungayambe kuwalira pa thupi lopuma.

Munthu yemwe sadziwa kanthu kali konse kupatulapo malingaliro operekedwa kupyolera mu mphamvu mukumuka kapena chikhalidwe cholota, sichidziwikiratu yekha, monga amatchedwa, pamene palibe malingaliro apamtima amalandiridwa, kaya atadzuka kapena pakulota. Kuzindikira kumadziyenera kudzidzimutsa palokha kupatula mphamvu zowukitsa kapena kulota, kuti munthu akhale ndi chidziwitso. Ngati kuwala sikudzidziwitsa nokha komanso kuti dziko likusiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe zimadziwika ngati zikukweza ndi zolota, ndiye kuti sangakhale ndi chidziwitso pakati pa awiriwa. Ngakhale kuti munthu sangathe kupitirizabe kuzindikira, akhoza kuchepetsa nthawi yomwe sakuzindikira, kotero kuti ziwonekere kuti palibe kupuma.

Yankho la funsoli lisanamveke kuti pali mfundo izi, ngakhale kuti zochitikazo sizikwaniritsidwa. Izi zikadziwikiratu, munthu yemwe akufuna kudziwa nthawi yamdima pakati pa dziko lodzuka ndi lotolo amvetsetsa kuti chidziwitso sichiyenera kukhazikika panthawi yomwe ikuwonekera, pokhapokha ngati chidziwitso chiripo pamene akuwuka ndi ziganizo zolota; mwa kuyankhula kwina, kuti munthu ayenera kukhala woposa munthu amene amadziŵa zomwe amadziyitcha yekha, koma ndani kwenikweni ndiye kukhalapo kwa chiwerengero cha malingaliro omwe mphamvu zimapangitsa kuzindikira kwa malingaliro. Ayeneranso kuzindikira kuti iye ndiye wozindikira za malingaliro, mosiyana ndi malingaliro a zinthu zomwe kuwala kukumasulidwa.

Mnzanu [HW Percival]