THE

MAWU

JULY 1912

Amayi ndi Anzanu

Kodi kukoma kwa chakudya ndi chiyani?

Kukoma ndi ntchito ya mawonekedwe a thupi polembetsera zofunikira ndi mawonekedwe amadzimadzi ndi solids. Palibe kukoma pakudya mpaka madzi agwirizanitsa chakudyacho ndi lilime. Madzi atangonyowa, chinyezi, malovu, zabweretsa chakudya mu ubale, lilime lokoma, misempha ya lilime imafotokozera mafotokozedwe a chakudya. Popanda madzi kuti pakhale kulumikizana pakati pa chakudya ndi mitsempha ya lilime, mitsempha singathe kufotokozera zomwe chakudyacho chimakhala cha thupi ndipo mawonekedwe a thupi sangathe kugwira ntchito yake.

Pali ubale wobisika pakati pa matupi omwe ali ndi machitidwe a kulawa, mitsempha ndi mawonekedwe a thupi, ndi madzi. Chibale chomwe chimadziwika ndi mgwirizano womwe umapangitsa kuti magawo awiri a haidrojeni ndi gawo limodzi la okosijeni akhale zomwe timatcha madzi, zomwe ndizosiyana ndi mawonekedwe a hydrogen kapena mpweya womwe madzi amapangidwa. Muli madzi mu tinthu chilichonse chakudya. Chiyanjano chomwe chimagwirizanitsa magasi awiriwo kuti apange madzi ndi chomangira chimodzi chomwe chimagwirizanitsa chakudya, mitsempha ya lilime, madzi, ndi mawonekedwe.

Nthawi zonse madzi akuthupi akagwirizanitsa chakudya ndi lilime, chobisika m'madzi chilipo ndipo chimagwira ntchito kamodzi pa thupi, ngati misempha ya lilime ili. Chinthu chobisika m'madzi chomwe chimagwirizanitsa chakudya ndi lilime ndi chimodzimodzi m'madzi ndi chakudya ndi lilime ndi mitsempha. Chinthu chobisika chimenecho ndi madzi enieni a mizimu. Madzi omwe timadziwa ndi gawo lakunja kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe a madzi abodza amatsenga. Madzi abwinowa ndi omwe thupi lawo limapangidwa mokha.

Kulawa ndi ntchito yamtunduwu mthupi lodzitengera mwa madzi ake amatsenga zomwe zimapezekanso mu chakudya. Kulawa ndi ntchito ya thupi, koma si ntchito yokhayo. Kulawa ndi imodzi mwanzeru. Thupi lamapangidwe ndi mpando wa mphamvu zonse. Thupi limalembetsa zomverera zonse. Zomverera zimachitika ndi munthu kudzera mwa thupi. Thupi lakapangidwe limagwirizanitsa lingaliro lililonse ndi linzake. Cholinga chamalingaliro ndikuti aliyense apange gawo lothandizira thupi lonse, kuti thupi likhale chida choyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndikukula kwa malingaliro. Cholinga cha kukoma ndikuti ndi momwe thupi lingalembetse zomwe zimapangidwira chakudya kuti zizitha kusiyanitsa pakati pawo ndikukana zakudya monga zosafunikira komanso zovulaza, ndikusankha zokhazo zomwe zili zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro pomanga ndikusamalira kapangidwe kake ndi thupi.

Kukoma kumawongolera amuna ndi nyama zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri komanso zothandiza thupi, ngati amuna ndi nyama omwe amakhala mwanjira yachilengedwe komanso mwachilengedwe. Koma amuna siabwinobwino komanso mwachilengedwe, ndipo si nyama zonse zomwe zimatero, chifukwa cha mphamvu zomwe munthu wabweretsa ndikubweretsa.

Mphamvu ya kununkhira imakhala yokhudzana kwambiri ndi chakudya komanso kulawa kuposa mphamvu zina zilizonse chifukwa kununkhira kumayenera kuchita mwachindunji komanso kofanana ndi zinthu zakuthupi, ndipo chakudya chimapangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimalowa mu kuphatikizika kwa zinthu zakuthupi.

Kodi akulawa chakudya ngati chakudya chosiyana ndi chakudya?

Zatero. Chakudya chochuluka chimalimbitsa thupi. Chinthu chobisika chamatsenga, madzi, omwe angotchulidwa kumene, ndi chakudya ku thupi lomwe lili mkati mwa thupi. Kukoma kwa chinthu chamatsenga ndi chakudya chachitatu chomwe chili mkati ndi kudzera mu thupi. Mwa munthu, chinthu chachitatu chimenechi sichinakhalebe mawonekedwe, ngakhale kuti chimasonyezedwa m’mipangidwe yapadera ndi mitundu ya nyama. Chinthu chachitatu ichi chimene chimalandira chakudya mwa munthu kuchokera ku kukoma kwa chakudya ndicho chikhumbo. Chilakolako chimafika m'malingaliro ndikuwagwiritsa ntchito kudzikokera mwa iwo okha chikhutiro chomwe zomverera zonse zimatha. Mphamvu iliyonse imatumikira ku chikhumbo. Komabe, lingaliro lapadera lomwe limafanana ndi chikhumbo, ndi lomwe chikhumbo chimagwiritsa ntchito kudzigwirizanitsa ndi mphamvu zina, ndi kukhudza kapena kumva. Chifukwa chake chikhumbocho chimadzikhudza chokha kudzera mu kukhudza kulawa, ndipo chimakokera mu lingaliro la kukoma zosangalatsa zonse zomwe chingapezeke kuchokera ku zakudya kupyolera mu kukoma. Thupi la mawonekedwe likadaloledwa kuchita ntchito yake ya kukoma popanda kumvera zofuna za thupi, limangosankha zakudya zomwe zimafunikira kuti likhalebe ndi mawonekedwe ake komanso kapangidwe ka thupi. Koma mawonekedwe thupi saloledwa kusankha zakudya zofunika kwambiri. Chikhumbocho chimalamulira thupi la mawonekedwe ndikuligwiritsa ntchito kuti likwaniritse zomverera zomwe silingathe kupeza popanda thupi la mawonekedwe. Kukoma komwe kumakondweretsa kwambiri chikhumbocho, chikhumbo chimafuna kudzera mu thupi la mawonekedwe, ndipo munthu, atanyengedwa kukhulupirira kuti chikhumbocho ndi iye mwini, amapanga momwe angathere kuti apereke zakudya monga momwe zimafunira kudzera mu kukoma. Chotero kukomako kumakulitsidwa kukhutiritsa chikhumbo, chilombo chopanda nzeru cha nyama, chimene chiri mbali ya mapangidwe a munthu. Popereka zofuna za chikhumbo kudzera muzakudya zolawa zimatengedwa m'thupi zomwe zimawononga kusamalidwa kwake, ndipo m'kupita kwa nthawi chikhalidwe chake chimasokonekera ndipo zotsatira zake za thanzi. Njala sayenera kusokonezedwa ndi kukoma. Njala ndi chikhumbo chachibadwa cha nyama pofuna kukwaniritsa zosowa zake. Kulawa kuyenera kukhala njira yomwe chiweto chingasankhire zakudya zoyenera kuzisamalira. Izi nyama zakutchire, ndipo kutali ndi chikoka cha munthu, adzachita. Nyama mwa munthu, munthu nthawi zambiri amasokoneza kenako amadzizindikiritsa yekha. M'kupita kwa nthawi, kukoma kwa chakudya kunakulitsidwa. Chilakolako kapena chinyama mwa munthu chadyetsedwa ndi zokonda zobisika m'zakudya, ndipo nyamayo imaphwanya mawonekedwe a thupi ndikuletsa kugwira ntchito zake zachilengedwe pakusamalira thanzi la thupi lonse komanso kutumikira ngati nkhokwe. moyo umene munthu angafune kuugwiritsa ntchito m’ntchito yake m’dziko.

Kukoma kumakhala ndi phindu kupatula chakudya. Ubwino wake ndikulimbikitsa chikhumbo, koma kuupatsa chakudya chokha chomwe umafuna, komanso osachulukitsa mphamvu zake kuposa zomwe thupi limapanga.

Mnzanu [HW Percival]