MUNTHU NDI MWANA NDI MWANA

Harold W. Percival

GAWO IV

ZINTHU ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI NJIRA YOPHUNZIRA YOPHUNZIRA

Ukapolo kapena Ufulu?

Webster akuti ukapolo ndi: "Mkhalidwe wa kapolo; ukapolo. Kugwira ntchito mopitilira ndi kotopetsa. ”Komanso kuti kapolo:“ Munthu womangidwa. Yemwe walephera kudziletsa, pa zoyipa, kusilira, ndi ena. ”

Yodziwika bwino, ukapolo wa munthu ndi momwe munthu amakakamizika kukhala mu ukapolo wa ambuye ndi chilengedwe, yemwe ayenera kutsatira zofuna za mbuye ndi chilengedwe, osasankha zomwe angachite kapena zomwe angafune osatero.

Mawu oti ufulu, monga agwiritsidwira ntchito m'bukhuli, ndi gawo kapena tanthauzo la kukhumba-ndi-kumva monga Wodziwa kuchita mthupi pomwe adadzipatula ku chilengedwe ndipo samangophunzitsidwa. Ufulu ndi: Kukhala ndi kuchita ndi kuchita ndi kukhala, osalumikizidwa ku chinthu chilichonse kapena zinthu zina zamalingaliro anayi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti munthu samamangiriridwa ku chinthu chilichonse kapena chinthu china chilichonse, ndipo kuti sangadzipatize ku chinthu chilichonse. Kuphatikiza kumatanthauza ukapolo. Kumasulira kwachangu kumatanthauza kumasulidwa ku ukapolo.

Ukapolo waumunthu umakhudzidwa makamaka ndi kuzindikira komwe kumakhala m'thupi. Munthu wodziwikiratu amalimbikitsidwa ndikulimbana ngakhale kufuna kwake kudzipereka ku zilako lako, zilako lako ndi zikhumbo zake zomwe zimapangidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha thupi lomwe lamangiriridwa. M'malo mokhala mbuye wa thupi, iwo eni amatha kukhala akapolo a mowa, osokoneza bongo, osuta fodya, monga nthawi zonse amakhala kapolo wogonana.

Ukapolo ndi wa munthu wodziwika yekha m'thupi la “mfulu,” komanso m'gulu la akapolo ambuye wake. Chifukwa chake ziyenera kupitilira mpaka mwini wakeyo adziwe kuti si thupi lomwe adakhala akapolo. Pomwe, pakupeza ndikudzimasula ku ukapolo wa thupi kumapangitsa thupi kukhala losafa ndikukhala wamkulu kuposa amuna ndi olamulira adziko lapansi.

M'mbuyomu pomwe wolamulira wa anthu akafuna kugonjetsa wolamulira wina amatsogolera ankhondo ake kumenya nkhondo kumadera ena. Ndipo ngati atachita bwino amatha kukokera wolamulira wogondayo pamagaleta ake ngati akufuna.

Mbiri imatiuza kuti Alexander Wachitsanzo ndiye chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha munthu wogonjetsa dziko lapansi. Wobadwa 356 BC, adakhala ndi mphamvu pa Greece yonse; anagonjetsa Turo ndi Gaza; anavekedwa korona pa mpando wachifumu wa Aigupto, ngati Farao; anayambitsa Alexandria; anawononga mphamvu ya Aperisi; anagonjetsa Porus ku India; ndipo kenako adachoka ku India kupita ku Persia. Pomwe imfa inali pafupi adapempha Roxane, mkazi wake yemwe amamukonda, kuti amusetse mwamtseri mu Mtsinje wa Firate kuti anthu akhulupirire, kuchokera ku kusowa kwake, kuti anali Mulungu, monga adanenera, ndipo abwerera ku liwiro la Amulungu. Roxane anakana. Adamwalira ku Babeloni, wogonjetsa dziko lonse ali ndi zaka 33. Atatsala pang'ono kumwalira, atafunsidwa kuti amusiye zigonjezo, adangoyankha mwa kunong'oneza kuti: "Kwa wamphamvu kwambiri." Adamwalira ali ukapolo. ku zikhumbo zake, kukhala kapolo wa zilakolako zake ndi malingaliro ake oyipa. Alexander adagonjetsa maufumu adziko lapansi, koma iye yekha adagonjetsedwa ndi kuchepa kwake komwe.

Koma, ndi Alexander monga chitsanzo chowonekera, bwanji ndipo ndimotani momwe munthu amapangidwira kukhala kapolo wachilengedwe mwakumverera kwake ndi zikhumbo zake? Kuti mumvetsetse izi, ndikofunikira kuwona komwe kumverera ndi kukhumbira kuli m'thupi lanyama, ndipo momwe, mwa kuchita kwawokha, kumayendetsedwa komanso kumangidwa ngati akapolo. Izi ziwoneka kuchokera ku ubale wathupi lathu mpaka momwe umakhudzidwira.

Ubale uno - kufotokozera mwachidule - umapangidwira mwachilengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo lamanjenje lochitika mosadzipereka, komanso kwa munthu wodzifunira mwa dongosolo lamadzi lodzifunira, motere: Mphamvu ndi zomwe mizu yazachilengedwe zimapumira, kutsogolo gawo la thupi kumverera-ndi kukhumba monga kudzidziwa komweko, ndi malingaliro amthupi, malingaliro ndi malingaliro ndi kukhumba, ali kumbuyo; magawo awiriwa a pituitary motero akuphatikizira malo opakati a chilengedwe ndi kwa anthu ozindikira; thupi silingaganize kapena kufuna-kukhumba; ziyenera, kotero, kunena, kufikira kuchokera kumbali yakumanzere kupita kutsogolo kwa pituitary kulingalira kudzera mu mphamvu za chilengedwe mu mawonekedwe a mpweya; ndikuganiza kuti iyenera kukhala ndi Kuwala.

The kumverera zamalingaliro, monga zomverera, zimatengedwa mu chilengedwe. Mitundu ya chilengedwe ndi mitundu yofanizira monga mitundu ya nyama ndi mbewu zachilengedwe. Zimaperekedwa ndi Wokuchita pambuyo pa imfa, pomwe zimachotsa machitidwe ake okhumbira kwakanthawi; Zimawatengera pakubadwa kwotsatira kwa mwana wosabadwayo, ndipo zimachita nawo pambuyo polowa m'thupi latsopano launyamata ndi kukula kwa thupi. Malingaliro aumunthu nthawi ya moyo amasunga mawonekedwe achilengedwe mwakuganiza.

Mawu oti kumverera ndi kukhumba, ukapolo, ukapolo, ndi ufulu, apatsidwa tanthauzo ndi matanthauzidwe amtunduwu kuposa matchulidwe. Apa, kukhudzika-ndikukhumba kumawonetsedwa kukhala nokha. ndinu kukhudzika. Pamene inu, monga kumverera-ndi-kukhumba, kusiya thupi, thupi ndi lakufa, koma inu chidzapitilira mayiko omwe amwalira, ndipo adzabweranso kudzatenga thupi lina lomwe lidzakonzedwere kwa inu, mzimu wofuna kudzimvera. Koma ngakhale muli m'thupi lanu simunamasuke; ndinu kapolo wa thupi. Mukumangidwa mwachilengedwe ndimalingaliro ndi kusilira ndi kulakalaka kwamphamvu kuposa maunyolo omwe mudamangapo kwa akapolo amtunduwu ngati macheza olankhulira kwa mbuye amene mwamutumikira. Wantchito wolankhula adadziwa kuti ndi kapolo. Koma ndinu kapolo wololera kapena wosafuna kwenikweni osadziwa kuti ndinu kapolo.

Chifukwa chake inu muli pamavuto akulu kuposa omwe mudalipo. Pomwe amadziwa kuti sanali mbuye wake, simudzilekanitsa ndi thupi lomwe limakhala akapolo. Koma, kumbali ina, inu muli bwino kuposa kapolo wamkaziyo, chifukwa sakanakhoza kudzipulumutsa yekha ku ukapolo wa mbuye wake. Koma pali chiyembekezo kwa inu, chifukwa ngati mungathe kudzipatula ku thupi ndi mphamvu zake, mwa kuganiza. Poganiza mutha kumvetsetsa kuti mukuganiza, ndikuti thupi siliganiza ndipo silingathe kuganiza. Iyi ndiye mfundo yoyamba. Kenako mutha kumvetsetsa kuti thupi silingachite kalikonse popanda inu, ndipo limakukakamizani kuti muzimvera zofuna zake monga momwe mawu a mphamvu zonse amagwirira ntchito. Kupitilira apo, kuti ndinu otanganidwa kwambiri ndikuchita chidwi ndi zinthu zokopa komanso zinthu zomwe simumadzi kusiyanitsa nazo zakukhudzika, komanso kuti ndinu osiyana ndi zomwe mumamva ndi zomwe mumafuna.

Zomverera ndi zokhumba sizosangalatsa. Zomverera sizimverera ndi zokhumba. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani? Zomverera ndi zokhumba ndizowonjezera kuchokera pakumverera-kukhumba mu impso ndi ma adrenals kumitsempha ndi magazi komwe amakumana ndi zovuta za magawo a chilengedwe omwe amabwera kudzera mu mphamvu. Pomwe magawo amayanjana ndi zomverera ndi zokhumba mu mitsempha ndi magazi, mayunitsi ndi zomverera.

Ukapolo wa anthu wakhala maziko kuyambira nthawi yakale. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, anthu ali ndi nyumba zawoyawo matupi ndi miyoyo ya anthu ena — pogwidwa, kunkhondo, kugula kapena ufulu wokhala ndi cholowa m'magawo onse amtundu wa anthu, kuyambira achisembwere mpaka kumitundu yachitukuko. Kugula ndi kugulitsa akapolo kunachitidwa monga nkhani, popanda funso kapena mkangano. Pofika m'zaka za zana la 17 pomwe anthu ochepa, otchedwa abolitionists, adayamba kutsutsa. Kenako kuchuluka kwa ophwanya malamulo kunachulukanso ndipo momwemonso ntchito zawo ndikutsutsa ukapolo ndi malonda akapolo. Mu 1787 omenyera ufulu ku England adapeza mtsogoleri weniweni komanso wodzoza ku William Wilberforce. Pazaka 20 adamenyera ufulu wopondereza akapolo, ndipo pambuyo pake ufulu wa akapolo. Mu 1833 lamulo la Emancipation lidachitika. Pamenepo Nyumba Yamalamulo ya Britain idathetsa ukapolo mu Britain monse. Zaka makumi atatu mphambu ziwiri pambuyo pake, ku United States, The Emancipation Act yolengeza kumasula akapolo idalengezedwa panthawi ya Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni ndipo idakwaniritsidwa mu 1865.

Koma kumasuka ku umwini ndi ukapolo wa matupi ndi chiyambi chabe cha ufulu weniweni wa munthu. Tsopano tikuyenera kukumana ndi chozizwitsa chakuti anthu omwe amadziwa bwino matupi aumunthu ndi akapolo a matupi awo. Munthu wodziwa zinthu ndi wophatikiza, wanzeru, woposa chilengedwe. Komabe, iye ndi kapolo. M'malo mwake iye ndi kapolo wodzipereka kwambiri ku thupi kotero amadzizindikiritsa yekha komanso ngati thupi.

Munthu wodziwa bwino m'thupi amadzitcha dzina la thupi lake, ndipo amadziwika ndi dzina. Kuyambira pamene thupi lakhala lokwanira kusamaliridwa, wina amagwira ntchito kwa ilo, kulidyetsa, kulitsuka, kulisoka, kulilimbitsa, kuliphunzitsa, kulikola; ndipo kumapeto kwa masiku ake munthuyu amatuluka m'thupi, dzina la thupilo limakola mwalawo pamwala kapena pamanda oikidwa pamanda. Koma munthu yemwe samadziwa inu, pambuyo pake zimanenedwa ngati thupi m'manda.

Ife, tomwe tazindikira, takhalanso m'thupi m'mibadwo yonse, ndipo tazilota tokha ngati matupi momwe tidalota. Yakwana nthawi yoti tidziwe kuti ndife akapolo a matupi omwe timalota, kugona kapena kugona. Monga akapolowo anazindikira kuti ndi akapolo omwe amafuna ufulu, ifenso tiyenera ife, akapolo ozindikira matupi athu, kuzindikira za ukapolo wathu ndikukhumba ufulu, kumasulidwa, ku matupi athu omwe ndi ambuye athu.

Ino ndi nthawi yoganiza ndi kugwira ntchito kuti titulutsidwe zenizeni; ufulu waumunthu wathu wodziwika kuchokera ku matupi omwe timakhalamo, kuti podzindikira monga Doer tikhala tikusintha ndikusintha matupi athu kuti akhale matupi apamwamba. Yakwana nthawi yoti aliyense akudziwitsadi kuti amvetsetse kuti moyo pambuyo pa moyo kuyambira m'mibadwo yomwe takhala: kukhudzidwa-thupi mwa thupi laimuna, kapena, kumverera kukhumba thupi la akazi.

Tiyeni tidzifunse kuti: "Moyo ndi chiyani?" Yankho ndikuti: Inu, ine, Takhala, ndipo takhala tikulakalaka tokha mwa chilengedwe. Moyo ndi womwe, ndipo palibe chowonjezera kapena chocheperako kuposa chimenecho. Tsopano titha kutsimikizira ndikuzindikira kuti tidzayesetsa kuyesetsa kudzipeza ndi kudzipatula tokha m'matupi athu, ndi kudzipulumutsa tokha ku ukapolo wa matupi athu.

Tsopano ndi poyambira kukomoka kwenikweniko - kumasulidwa kwamunthu wakudziwika m'thupi la munthu, osadziwa kuti ndi kapolo wa thupi lachigololo lomwe ndiye mbuye wake. Ukapolo wa m'badwo uno wakhala ukuchitika kuyambira masiku a Adamu wakale, pomwe munthu aliyense wodziwika bwino m'thupi la munthu adayamba, kukhala Adamu, kenako Adamu ndi Hava. (Onani Gawo V, "Nkhani ya Adamu ndi Hava.") Ukwati ndiye gawo lakale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ndizachikale kwambiri kotero kuti anthu amati ndizabwinobwino, koma sizipanga kukhala zolondola komanso zoyenera. Kapoloyu wadzipanga kapolo. Koma izi zinachitika kalekale ndipo amaiwalika. Lemba limanenedwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti ndi yolondola komanso yoyenera. Ndipo zalembedwa m'mabuku amilandu ndikuwonetsedwa m'makhothi onse amilandu yadziko lapansi.

Pali ambiri omwe azindikira kuti kudzipereka kwawoko ndikulakwa. Awa ndi omwe adzathetsa zomwe adzatsutse mchitidwewu ndikuyesera kuthetseratu kudzipereka. Koma ambiri atha kunyoza lingaliro ndikupereka umboni wokhazikika kuti palibe chinthu chodzipereka; kuti anthu amapangidwa ndi matupi aamuna ndi aakazi; kuti ukapolo wakuthupi udali wotchuka m'maiko otukuka; koma kudzipereka kwathuko ndikusokosera, kuchotsa malingaliro.

Komabe, zikuyembekezeredwa kuti ena awone ndikumvetsetsa zenizeni zokhudzana ndi kudzipereka okha ndipo atenga nawo mbali pazomwezo ndikugwira ntchito yodzipulumutsa ku matupi athu ogonana omwe onse ndi akapolo. Kenako pang'onopang'ono komanso munthawi yake zowonazo ziziwoneka ndipo mutuwu udzavomerezedwa ndi anthu onse. Ngati sitiphunzira kudzidziwa tokha mu chitukuko ichi, chiwonongedwa. Chifukwa chake mwayi wakudzidziwa umasinthidwa m'mitundu yonse yapitayi. Ndipo ife, tomwe tokha ozindikira tidzayenera kudikira kubwera kwachitukuko chamtsogolo kuti tikwaniritse kudzidziwa tokha.