THE

MAWU

ZOledzeretsa

MAWU oledzera ali mu “Standard Dictionary” amene amati amatanthauza, “Mchitidwe wa kuledzera, kapena mkhalidwe wa kuledzera; kuledzera. Mkhalidwe wa chisangalalo chachikulu chamalingaliro; chisangalalo, kukwera kwamphamvu. ” Drunk, akufotokozedwa kuti “Mwakumwa choledzeretsa kwambiri moti munthu analephera kulamulira thupi lake ndiponso maganizo ake, . . .

Kuledzera ndi liwu lopangidwa ndi mutu kapena thupi, poizoni, kuchokera ku Chilatini, poizoni, kapena Greek, toxicosis, kutanthauza poizoni; mawu oyamba in kutanthauza kutenga kapena kutulutsa; ndi, suffix, msonkhano, kutanthauza kuchita, dziko, kapena wothandizira. Poizoni amanenedwa kukhala “mchitidwe wakupha kapena kukhala wapoizoni.” Mawu oyamba in limatanthauza kulowa kapena kupangidwa kwa “mkhalidwe wakupha.”

Poizoni amanenedwa kukhala “chinthu chilichonse chimene chikalowetsedwa m’thupi chimachita m’njira yowopsa osati mwa makina, chomwe chimachititsa imfa kapena kuvulaza kwambiri thanzi.” Kotero kuledzera kumeneko ndiko kumwa chiphe, kapena kutulutsa mkhalidwe wakupha; zomwe "zingayambitse imfa kapena kuvulaza kwambiri thanzi." Nthawi yowerengera izi, kutengera kuchuluka ndi mtundu wa choledzeretsa chomwe chatengedwa kapena kupangidwa komanso kuthekera kapena kulephera kwa malamulo kuti agwirizane kapena kukana.

Mawu akuti kuledzera sagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi dikishonale zamakono m'lingaliro la kumwa mowa kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo, koma m'lingaliro lalikulu, monga momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito ku malingaliro ndi makhalidwe. Lingaliro la mawuwo liri loona m’kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake m’maganizo ndi m’makhalidwe monga momwe limagwiritsidwira ntchito ku mkhalidwe wauchidakwa. Pano, mawu oledzera adzagwiritsidwa ntchito m’lingaliro zinayi.

Pali mitundu inayi ya kuledzera kumene munthu amamugonjera, malinga ndi makhalidwe ake anayi: Kuledzera kwa thupi lake, chikhalidwe chake chamaganizo, chikhalidwe cha maganizo ake, ndi chikhalidwe chake chauzimu. Kuledzera kwa chikhalidwe chake kungathe kuchitapo kanthu pa chimodzi kapena pa atatu enawo. Mitundu ya kuledzera idzakhala kuledzera kwakuthupi, kuledzera kwamaganizo, kuledzera, ndi kuledzera kwauzimu.

Pogwiritsidwa ntchito ponena za kuledzera zinayi izi tanthauzo la mawu oti kuledzera ndi: Mkhalidwe wa poizoni wobwera chifukwa cha kusonkhezera kosayenerera kapena kulepheretsa kugwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi mfundo yozindikira ya ntchito zake za thupi, zokhudzira zake, mphamvu zake zamaganizo kapena mphamvu zake.

Chilichonse mwa zoledzeretsa zinayi pali zoyambitsa, zoledzeretsa zake, njira zake zakukulirakulira, zifukwa zopangira kuledzera, zotsatira za kuledzera, kutalika kwake ndi kutha kwake, ndi machiritso ake.

Mowa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndizomwe zimayambitsa kuledzera kwakuthupi. Zakumwa zonga moŵa, ales, vinyo, gin, rums, brandies, whiskeys, liqueurs, ndi zakumwa zomwe mzimu wa mowa uli kuledzera. Njira yoledzera ndiyo kumwa izi kapena zinthu zina zoledzeretsa, kapena kuzitenga ngati zopangira chakudya. Pali zifukwa zoperekedwa zomangira zakumwa zoledzeretsa, monga kuti ndi njira yochezerana, imatulutsa mayanjano abwino, imabweretsa nthabwala zabwino, imayambitsa chisangalalo, kuti imakhala yosangalatsa, yotsitsimula, imalepheretsa kukhumudwa, kuti imathetsa mavuto; chimathamangitsa chisamaliro chodetsa nkhawa, chimachepetsa chisoni, chimayambitsa kuyiwala kwa masautso, ndipo chimagonjetsa kukhumudwa, kuti chimalimbitsa mtima, chimakhala cholimbikitsa kuganiza. Enanso, atengere chifukwa cha chikondi cha kumverera komwe kumatulutsa, ndi ena pazifukwa zachipatala zotchulidwa ndi dokotala.

Zotsatira za kuledzera zimawonetsedwa ndi machitidwe a thupi, chikhalidwe cha thupi, malingaliro, khalidwe, ndi malingaliro a munthu; zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa choledzeretsa chomwe chatengedwa, momwe thupi limadyetsera, ndi luso la maganizo kulimbana ndi kuledzera ndi thupi. Malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha munthu ndi madigiri osiyana kuledzera, pali anasonyeza kutentha, kufatsa, chisangalalo cha khalidwe limodzi ndi volubility, mkangano, fightiveness, phokoso, mikangano ya kulankhula; ndipo izi zimatsatiridwa ndi kukhumudwa, kumasuka, kutopa, ulesi, kusakhazikika kwakuyenda, makulidwe ndi kusatsimikizika m'mawu, kukhumudwa, kunjenjemera, kusamva. Zomverera zimasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku kusangalatsa pang'ono mpaka kugwedezeka kwachiwawa, kuchokera ku chisangalalo chambiri mpaka kuzunzika ndi imfa.

Mowa m'zakumwa zonse zoledzeretsa umayamba kutulutsa zotsatira zake pathupi lonse ukangotengedwa m'mimba. Kaya kuwonongeka kwake kupangidwa nthawi yomweyo kapena kuchedwetsedwa kwa nthawi yayitali kudzadalira kuphatikizika kwa chakumwa ndi kuchuluka kwake komanso mphamvu ya mzimu wa mowa mupawiri. Mogwirizana ndi pawiri, mowa umayamba kukhudza thupi kapena ubongo. Muzochitika zonse, komabe, zimagwira ntchito mwachindunji pamagulu a mitsempha, kenako pamadzi a m'thupi, minofu, ndipo sichisiya gawo lililonse la thupi losakhudzidwa. Akamatengedwa pang'ono ndi anthu omwe thupi lawo liri lamphamvu, thanzi lawo ndi chimbudzi ndi chabwino, zotsatira zake zingakhale zopindulitsa; osachepera, palibe zosokoneza zomwe zimavutitsidwa. Pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali komanso mwachizolowezi, ngakhale pang'ono, makamaka ndi omwe ali ndi malingaliro ofooka, makhalidwe ofooka ndi matupi osalongosoka, zotsatira zake zimakhala zowononga. Mukamwedwa koyamba, mowa umakhala ngati cholimbikitsa pamlingo wochepa. Mlingo waukulu umatulutsa kuledzera; ndiko kuti, minyewa yapakati ndi yachifundo imachitidwapo, ma lobes a cerebrum ndi dzanzi. Izi zimagwirabe ntchito pa cerebro-spinal system, kufa ziwalo kwa dongosolo lapakati la mitsempha, minofu yodzifunira imapangitsa kuti ikhale yosagwira ntchito, m'mimba imavutika ndipo ntchito zake zimaletsedwa. Ziwalo zokhazokha za thupi zomwe sizimagwidwa ndi dzanzi ndi kufa ziwalo ndizomwe zimakhazikika mu medulla oblongata, zomwe zimapitilira ndikuwongolera kuzungulira ndi kupuma. Ngati mowa wambiri sungatengedwe, nthawi ya kuledzera imatha, thupi limayambiranso ntchito zake, ufulu wokha komanso zotsatira za mowa zimatha kutha. Mwa kuledzera mobwerezabwereza, kapena mwa chizolowezi chomwa mowa mwa njira iliyonse, dongosolo la mitsempha nthawi zambiri limakhala losokonezeka, ziwalo zimakhala zosagwira ntchito kapena zimadwala ndipo sizingathe kugwira ntchito zawo zanthawi zonse. Mowa umayambitsa kuchepa kwa zotupa zam'mimba zobisika ndikuwunika ntchito zake ndikusokoneza chimbudzi. Imaumitsa chiwindi, imafooketsa mtima ndi impso, imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa ubongo. Mwachidule, zimasokoneza malamulo oyendetsera dziko lapansi poyambitsa kukula kwa minofu yolumikizana pafupifupi ziwalo zonse ndi minofu ya thupi. Pambuyo pa imfa kukhalapo kwa mowa kumapezeka m'madzi onse a thupi. Imapezeka mosavuta mu cerebro-spinal fluid pamene zizindikiro zake zonse zasowa kwinakwake m'thupi; zomwe zikuwonetsa kuyanjana kwake kwadongosolo lamanjenje.

Mosaganizira za zotsatirapo zake, ndipo ndi chidaliro cha zabwino zomwe zingawachitire odwala awo, madokotala akhala akuyambitsa ngozi zambiri zauchidakwa. Madokotala ambiri amalangiza mowa mwa mtundu uliwonse ngati stimulant kapena tonic, ndipo nthawi zina amati mu mitundu ina kupanga magazi, kupereka mphamvu, kumanga thupi. Kaya zili choncho kapena ayi, n’zodziwikiratu kuti mowa umene umatengedwa ngati mankhwala wachititsa kuti munthu azilakalaka kudya komanso kuti azilakalaka kuti azimwa mowa m’thupi, ndipo wodwalayo nthawi zambiri amakhala chidakwa.

Njira ina yokulitsa uchidakwa ndiyo kupanga ndi kugulitsa zoledzeretsa zoledzeretsa mobisa mobisa chimene chimatchedwa “mankhwala ovomerezeka.” Izi zimalengezedwa kwambiri kuti zichiritse matenda aliwonse omwe amadziwika kapena omwe amawaganizira. Iwo omwe amagula mankhwala ovomerezeka a patent oledzera amakhulupirira kuti apindula ndi mphamvu yotsitsimutsa yomwe imapanga, ndipo amagula zambiri. Zosakaniza zina za machiritso-zonse nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda vuto. Koma mowa womwe uli m’gulu la mankhwala ovomerezeka kaŵirikaŵiri umatulutsa mphamvu kwa amene amaugwiritsira ntchito, zimene amene amaupanga amafuna kuti azichita. Ndiko kuti, zimapanga chilakolako ndi chilakolako cha mowa mu mawonekedwe amenewo.

Zotsatira za kuledzera kwamphamvu pamalingaliro zimasiyana kuchokera ku kufatsa kupita ku pachimake komanso mwamphamvu kwambiri, kenako kumatsika mpaka kusamva kwathunthu. Zosinthazi zimatha kutsatana pang'onopang'ono kapena mwachangu. Pali kuwala kothokoza komwe kumalowa m'thupi ndikutulutsa kumverera kosangalatsa. Diso ndi khutu zimakhala tcheru. Kukoma kwake ndikosavuta. Pali kumverera kwachisangalalo ndi chisangalalo komwe kumapangitsa kufunafuna kuyanjana ndi ena, kapena kukhumudwa, kunyada, kunyada ndi kukhazikika ndi chikhumbo chochoka kwa ena ndikukhala wekha, kapena chizolowezi chodana ndi chikhalidwe choyipa. Pamakhala kumverera kwa kutentha, kukonzekera kukwiya, kukangana kapena kulimbana ndi zomwe zachitidwa kapena zonenedwa. Kumva kudwala kapena dzanzi kumamveka. Zinthu zozungulira zimawoneka ngati zikuyenda komanso kusakanikirana. Pansi pakuyenda mafunde odekha, kapena ngati nyanja yovunda. Palibe chitsimikizo cha mtunda. Mapazi ndi miyendo imakhala yolemera kwambiri. Maso amakhala olemetsa ndi kusambira, makutu amanjenjemera. Lilime ndi lokhuthala kwambiri, ndipo limakana kulankhula. Milomo imataya kusinthasintha; ndi zamatabwa ndipo sizithandiza kupanga mawu kukhala mawu. Kugona kumabwera. Thupi limamva ngati mtovu. Mfundo yozindikira imachotsedwa pakatikati pa mitsempha mu ubongo, ndipo pali kugwa kwa kusamva komanso kufa. Zotsatira za kuledzera ndizo kunjenjemera m'mimba, kupweteka mutu, ludzu, kutentha thupi, kunjenjemera, mantha, kuipidwa ndi malingaliro a chakumwa choledzeretsa, chikhumbo chaukali kapena njala yokulirapo ya chakumwa chochulukirapo, kuuma mtima, kupusa kapena kusasangalala, mkhalidwe. amatchedwa delirium tremens, momwe chidziwitso chimakakamizika pansi pa thupi, pomwe chimawona zolengedwa zosavulaza kapena zowopsa, ntchentche, tizilombo, mileme, njoka, zilombo zowoneka bwino, zomwe woyeserera amayesa kuthamangitsa kapena komwe amayesa kuthawa pang'ono. kapena kusayang'anira mikhalidwe yakuthupi kapena iwo omwe ali pafupi naye. Ali m’mkhalidwe umenewu wovutikayo amatha kuyendayenda ndi kutola ntchentche pakhoma, kapena kuthamangitsa zinthu m’mlengalenga zimene palibe wina aliyense koma iye angathe kuziona, ndi maso akuturuka ndi mantha, akupuma ndi chisangalalo, kapena akhoza kuzizira ndi kuchita mantha. , yesetsani kupeŵa zinthu zimene zikum’thamangitsa, kapena kuthawa zimene akuona, kufikira atagwidwa ndi zowawa, kapena kutopa kotheratu kugwa.

Zotsatira za mowa pamaganizo, khalidwe, maganizo a munthu, zidzadalira kwambiri mphamvu ya malingaliro kulamulira kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake; koma, ngakhale malingaliro amphamvu, kupitiriza kumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa zoledzeretsa mochuluka kudzabweretsa zotsatira zofanana za thupi. Iyenera kukhudza ganizo ndi khalidwe; ndipo, pokhapokha atagonja, adzaphwanya ndi kupanga malingaliro akapolo.

Pachisonkhezero cha mowa kusintha kwachilendo kumawoneka kuti kukuchitika mu khalidwe. Munthu wachete ndi wakhalidwe labwino adzasandulika kukhala waphokoso kapena chiŵanda, ndipo amene kaŵirikaŵiri amalankhula kwambiri ndi mwaukali angakhale wofatsa ndi wosakwiya. Atamwa mowa, ena amangonjenjemera ngati ana kapena kubwebweta ngati zitsiru. Ena amaumirira kunena mbiri ya moyo wawo. Amuna okhwima amatha kukhala okhumudwa komanso ofooka pazochitika zazing'ono. Iwo amene amanyoza chipembedzo ndi maonekedwe ake, akhoza kutchula ndime zazitali za m’mabuku opatulika, kufotokoza momveka bwino nkhani zachipembedzo, kuchirikiza mtundu wina wa chipembedzo kapena miyambo yachipembedzo ndi kutsutsa chifukwa ndi kukhumbitsidwa kwa chiyero, mwinanso kuipa kwa kuledzera. Pachisonkhezero cha moŵa amuna ena amene amadzaza malo a chidaliro ndi ulemu amasinthidwa kukhala zilombo zimene zimapatsa ulamuliro waufulu ndi kukhutiritsa zilakolako zawo zaukali ndi zilakolako zawo, kuchita mapwando otayirira, amene lingaliro lake likhoza kuwopsya mabwenzi awo monga momwe likanachitira iwowo panthaŵi yakusadziletsa. . Pansi pa chisonkhezero cha kuphana kwa mowa ndi zolakwa zina zimachitika zomwe amuna sakanatha kuchita, zomwe zimabweretsa chisoni ndi chiwonongeko kwa iwo eni ndi ena.

Mowa umapondereza maganizo a ena ndipo umalimbikitsa ena kuganiza. Olemba ena ndi ojambula amanena kuti amachita ntchito yawo yabwino pamene ali pansi pa chikoka chake; koma izi ndi zotsatira zosakhalitsa, pansi pa kukondoweza kwa mowa. Kuledzera kwachizoloŵezi kumafooketsa makhalidwe abwino, kumakongoletsa maganizo, ndi kuwononga maganizo. Kuledzera kwakuthupi kwamitundu ina kungayambitse chisembwere, kudzetsa mavuto abanja, kuwononga thanzi ndi imfa; koma kuledzera kokhako kungawonongeretu umphumphu ndi kuoneka bwino, kuchotsa zizindikiro zonse za ulemu ndi kudzilemekeza, kusintha amuna okhulupirika ndi okoma mtima kukhala ankhanza opanda chifundo ndi akuba ndi achinyengo, opanda nzeru kuvulaza ena, ndi kutulutsa kupanda manyazi ndi kuipitsidwa kotheratu. Mowa umangotha ​​kupangitsa amuna olemera ndi chikhalidwe kukwawa mu ngalande, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo, kuchepetsedwa, kukweza maso awo amagazi ndi kutambasula manja awo osakhazikika kuti apemphe wodutsayo kuti agulitse chakumwa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kuledzera kwakuthupi ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi kumwa opiamu, ganjah (kuchokera cannabis indica), chifukwa (cannabis sativa), mitundu ya izi m'magulu awo osiyanasiyana komanso ndi zinthu zina.

Zifukwa zoperekedwa za kumwa mankhwala oledzeretsa ndizo, zimatontholetsa minyewa, zimachepetsa ululu, zimatulutsa tulo, ndi kupangitsa ogula kuthawa mavuto, kuona masomphenya ndi kumva phokoso lachilendo, ndi kuti ziyenera kutengedwa chifukwa: sichingathandizidwe. Njira zomwe mankhwalawa angatengedwere ndikumwa monga mapiritsi, kukokera, jekeseni, kusuta kapena kudya. Madokotala kaŵirikaŵiri ndi amene amapereka mankhwala oledzeretsa kwa anthu amene pambuyo pake amaledzera. Podziwa chikhumbo cha wodwalayo chofuna kupeza zotsatira zachangu ndi kupeza mpumulo ku ululu, kapena kukhutiritsa chikhumbo chawo cha mankhwala, dokotala amamuuza kapena kupereka mankhwala osokoneza bongo popanda kuganizira mozama zotsatira zomwe zingatsatire. Pogwiritsira ntchito singano zawo, ma pellets awo ndi mankhwala awo, madokotala ena amatupa kuchokera kwa odwala awo chiwerengero cha morphine fiends chaka chilichonse. Kumva zotulukapo zodabwitsa zotulutsidwa ndi kusuta fodya, kukhala ndi “bwenzi,” kumwerekera ndi chizoloŵezi chofuna kuchiyesa, kupita kukagona, kuona osutawo ali ndi phala ndi mapaipi awo, chifukwa chachidwi, kapena chikhumbo choipa, munthu amayesa. chitoliro, “chimodzi chokha.” Izi sizokwanira. Chinanso ndi chofunikira "kutulutsa zotsatira." Zotsatira zake sizikhala zomwe amayembekezera. Ayenera kupeza zotsatira zomwe akuyembekezera. Iye amachita izo kachiwiri. Chotero iye amakhala “wokonda mankhwala.” Mofananamo munthu angaloŵe m’chizoloŵezi cha ganjah, chimene kaŵirikaŵiri chimasuta. Bhang amaledzera, kapena amadyedwa ngati chophatikizika, kapena amatengedwa ngati chakumwa chofooka, chotchedwa siddhi. Bhang si hashish kapena Indian hemp. Zotsatira zake ndi zosiyana. Hashish ndi masamba ofewa ochokera cannabis sativa, masamba ake asanatseguke, ndipo masamba ake auma ndi kufuka utsi. Bhang ndi masamba omwe amatengedwa pambuyo pa maluwa, kutsukidwa, kutsetsereka ndi kuledzera. Bhang sadziwika ku West, koma akuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku India. Kumeneko akunenedwa kuti amatengedwa ndi munthu payekha, kapena pamisonkhano yosankhidwa, kapena paphwando lalikulu lapachaka—Durja Pujah.

Zotsatira za mankhwala oledzeretsa m'thupi ndizomwe zimasokoneza chimbudzi, kuwonjezera kapena kuchepetsa kupuma ndi kufalikira komanso kupha minyewa kapena kuipangitsa kukhala yovuta. Opium imapangitsa kuti thupi lisagwire ntchito. Ganjah akhoza kukhala wosangalatsa. Bhang imatulutsa bata. Zotsatira za kuledzera kwa ma narcotic pazidziwitso ndizo, kutonthola kwa thupi ndi kutsegula kwa mphamvu zina ku zinthu zomwe si zakuthupi, osati zachibadwa. Pali zowawa, kulota kumverera, monga kudutsa mu kugona wodzuka. Malo okhalapo amatha kukokomeza, kusakanikirana kapena kugwa kuchokera kuzinthu zatsopano zomwe zimawonekera. Akazi okongola, amuna okongola, amachita kapena kulankhula ndi makhalidwe okopa. M'minda yokongoletsedwa yomwe imakondweretsa maso, nyimbo za mkwatulo zimamveka ndipo zonunkhira zokoma zimawonjezera chithumwa. Chomwe chimakopa chidwi chake, chimakopa chidwi cha nkhaniyo. Kupumula, kufooka komanso kumasuka kumawonekera kwambiri kuchokera ku opium kuposa ku ganjah. Ganjah nthawi zambiri imapangitsa kuti zilakolako zakuthupi zikhale zogwira mtima kuposa momwe zimakhalira ndi opium. Zomverera zobwera chifukwa cha bhang zimayendetsedwa ndi zomwe zimachitika panthawi yomwe amatengedwa, pomwe za opium ndi ganjah nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosiyana. Mu ganjah ndi opiamu zomverera zimawonjezeka. Mu opium, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumawonjezeka mpaka munthu atakomoka. Kuchokera ku chikomokere amatuluka pang'onopang'ono kapena ndi mantha. Chithumwa, mkwatulo, chisangalalo nthawi zambiri zimasinthidwa. M’malo mwa zolengedwa zokongola zimene zinamunyengerera kapena kumudodometsa, iye amakumana ndi zilombo zokwawa, zokwawa, nyongolotsi, ndi zinthu zina zonyansa ndi zochititsa mantha, zimene angathe kuzithawa pokhapokha atamwanso mankhwala oledzeretsa. Mwinamwake amangogwidwa ndi kuuma koyaka kapena kugawanika kwa mutu ndi zowawa zina za thupi zomwe angathe kuzithetsa mwa kumwanso mlingo wina. Zotsatira za bhang sizimatchulidwa, ngakhale zimatha kuchotsa chilakolako; ndithu, chidzaletsa njala; ndipo izo, nazonso, zikhoza kutulutsa kumverera kwachabechabe, kutayika ndi kusathandiza. Ngati mlingo waukulu watengedwa, wogula sadzadzuka.

Kuledzera kwamankhwala osokoneza bongo kumakhudza kwambiri malingaliro ndi chikhalidwe cha munthu amene akukumana nazo. Amakhala ndi ufulu winawake komanso kukondoweza kwa malingaliro ndi masewera apamwamba, omwe palibe munthu wamba angakhale nawo mu chikhalidwe chake. Lingaliro ili limatenga mapiko ndikuyenda m'malo owoneka ngati opanda malire, mu gawo lililonse lomwe ndi molingana ndi chikhumbo chamalingaliro, amamanga nyumba, amakonzekeretsa ankhondo, amakhazikitsa maufumu. Iye amalenga ngakhale dziko ndi anthu; mu zonse amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamatsenga kuchita ndi kusangalala. Pansi pa kuledzera kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kalaliki wodzichepetsa akhoza kukhala mfumu ya zachuma, ndi kulamulira misika ya dziko; msungwana wa m'sitolo amakhala mfumukazi, yopezeka ndi abwenzi ndikukondedwa kapena kusirira ndi amayi ake; woyendayenda wopanda pokhala angakhale mbuye wa chuma chambiri. Chilichonse chomwe lingaliro ndi malingaliro angapangitse kukhala chotheka ndi chenicheni chokha mu kuledzera kwamankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Kachitidwe ka malingaliro kameneka kamatulutsa kachitidwe kamunthu komwe kamamusayenera udindo wake ndi ntchito zake padziko lapansi. Pali kusalinganika kwa mfundo za zinthu. Chisamaliro chimagawidwa pakati pa nthawi za kuledzera ndi maudindo padziko lapansi. Kamvekedwe ka makhalidwe kamatsitsidwa, kapena makhalidwe abwino angasokonezeke. Ngakhale kuti munthu amene wamwerekera kwanthaŵi yaitali ndi kuledzera angayese kubisa chizoloŵezi chake, zidzadziŵika kwa iwo amene amachimvetsetsa. Pali kupusa kwinakwake, chizolowezi, kusakonda munthu, ngati kuti mphamvu zake zikuchita kwinakwake. Amadziwika ndi kusagalamuka kwina, ndipo amazunguliridwa ndi mlengalenga kapena fungo lachilendo lomwe limakhala ndi chikhalidwe cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito, ndipo akuwoneka kuti akutuluka.

Zotsatira za bangi zimasiyana ndi za opium ndi hashish chifukwa wogwiritsa ntchito bangi amatha kudziwa zomwe akuganiza asanalowe m'malo mwake. Mosonkhezeredwa ndi bhang, munthu akhoza kupitiriza kukambirana kapena kuchita njira yolingalira. Koma chilichonse chomwe angaganize kapena kuchita chidzakokozedwa, kukulitsidwa kapena kukulitsidwa kumlingo wodabwitsa. Nkhani iliyonse yoganiziridwa ingaunike m'maganizo pang'ono ngati chidutswa cha minofu pansi pa maikulosikopu yamphamvu kwambiri. Zinthu zozungulira kapena mafanizo adzakulitsidwa ndi kupakidwa utoto kuti agwirizane ndi malingaliro omwe alipo. Kusuntha kulikonse kumawoneka kofunikira kwambiri. Kusuntha kwa dzanja kumatenga nthawi yayitali. Masitepe ali ngati mayadi zana; miniti ngati mwezi, ola limodzi ndi msinkhu; ndipo zonsezi zikhoza kuchitika popanda kudulidwa ku thupi.

Zotsatira za malingaliro a kuledzera kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndizo, kuti malingaliro amataya malingaliro a makhalidwe abwino ndi lingaliro la chiwerengero; chimafooketsedwa, ndipo chimakhala chosalinganizika, chosatha kulimbana ndi mavuto a moyo, kupitiriza chitukuko chake, kukwaniritsa udindo wake kapena kuchita nawo ntchito yapadziko lapansi.

Kutalika kwa chidakwa kapena kuledzera kungakhale kokhalitsa kapena kwakanthawi. Pali ena amene, atavutika kwakanthaŵi anakana kuwakonzanso. Koma nthawi zambiri munthu akakhala yemwerekera ndi chizoloŵezi chilichonse, amakhalabe kapolo wake m’moyo wonse.

Pali machiritso ena a uchidakwa, pansi pa mayina a omwe adayambitsa, zomwe zidzatsekereza chikhumbo chakumwa chilichonse choledzeretsa. Chithandizo chochiza kuledzera kwamankhwala osokoneza bongo sichitha nthawi zambiri. Ngati “wochiritsidwayo” samwanso, adzakhalabe wochira. Koma ngati sanachiritsidwe m’maganizo mwake ndipo ngati alola lingaliro lake kulingalira pa nkhani ya kumwa kwake ndi kulingalira za kumwa kwake, lingaliro la kumwa lidzabweretsa mkhalidwe wovuta, umene iye akulangizidwa ndi kumwa. wina kapena mwa lingaliro lake, “kuti angotenga imodzi yokha.” Kenako njala yokalambayo imadzutsidwa, ndipo akugwera kumene iye anali poyamba.

Machiritso a kuledzera kapena kuledzera angapereke mpumulo ndi kuthandizira kuchiritsa, koma chithandizo chokha cha kuledzera chiyenera kuyamba ndi kuchitidwa ndi kulingalira. Kumeneko kulimbirana kulimbana ndi chitetezo chamthupi kuyenera kumenyedwa mpaka kumapeto ndi kupambana, pasanakhale machiritso okhazikika.

Mzimu umene umagwira ntchito kudzera mu mankhwala oledzeretsa umakhala pakhomo pa zokhudzira. Sichidzalola mfundo yozindikira mwa munthu kudutsa malo ake, kapena kudziwa zinsinsi zake ndi zinsinsi zake, mpaka atatsimikizira kuti ali wotetezedwa ku zokopa za mphamvu ndipo waphunzira kuzilamulira.

Mzimu wa mowa ndi mkulu wa malamulo. Imayima pamalire a maiko. Ndi kapolo wa iwo amene amamvera ndipo ali olamulira a lamulo, ndipo adzawalola iwo kudutsa ndi ngakhale kuwanyamula iwo pamene akudziwa ndi okhoza kuchilamulira. Koma ndi wopondereza, wopanda chifundo ndi wankhanza, kwa iwo amene amachigwiritsa ntchito molakwa ndi kusamvera lamulo limene liyenera kutumikira.

(Zipitilizidwa)

Mu February nambala adzapatsidwa mitundu ina ya Zoledzeretsa.