DEMOCRACY NDI WOYERA-BOMA

Harold W. Percival

GAWO I

ZOLINGA NDI ZABWINO

Mawu awiriwa, akuluakulu ndi ogwira ntchito, akhala akugwedezeka kwambiri ndikugwedezeka antchito antchito ndi antchito antchito kufikira atasokoneza maboma ndipo akusocheretsa kwambiri moyo waumunthu. Mawu awiriwa amatchulidwa kuti azitsutsa ndi kutsogolera anthu kumagulu otsutsana; kuwatsamwitsa iwo ndi kuwaika iwo motsutsana wina ndi mzake ngati adani. Mawu awiriwa amabweretsa chidani ndi mkwiyo; amachititsa mikangano ndipo amachititsa gulu lirilonse kugwiritsira ntchito njira iliyonse mu mphamvu zake kuti lisokoneze ndikugonjetsa lina.

Iyo si demokarase. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa demokalase. Anthu sakufuna kuti izi zichitike.

Pamene "Capital" ndi "Ntchito" zimamvetsetsa zoona monga momwe ziliri, poganiza ndi aliyense kudziyika yekha pamalo ena ndikudzimva momwemo, sangapitirize kudzimva okha. Mmalo mokhala adani, iwo, kuchokera kufunikira, ndi mwachibadwa, adzakhala ogwira ntchito limodzi pa ubwino wamba wa moyo waumunthu.

Anthu sangathe kudziimira okhaokha. Kukhala ndi banja ndi chitukuko, anthu ayenera kudalira wina ndi mnzake. Mkulu sangakhoze kuchita popanda Ntchito zambiri kuposa Ntchito imene ingathe kuchita popanda Capital. Chikhalidwe cha anthu amamangidwa ndi kudalira pa Capital ndi Labor. Awiri ayenera kuphunzira kugwira ntchito mogwirizana mogwirizana ndi ubwino wawo. Koma ndiye aliyense ayenera kukhala chomwe ali ndi kuchita ntchito yake yomwe; Sitiyenera kuyesa kukhala winayo, kapena kuchita ntchito ya wina. Mmodzi ndi wofunikira pamalo ake komanso akugwira ntchito yakeyo monga momwe amachitira m'malo mwake ndikugwira ntchito yake. Izi ndi zoona zosavuta, zomwe aliyense ayenera kumvetsa. Kumvetsetsa zenizeni kudzathetsa mikangano. Chifukwa chake ndi bwino kufunsa za ndalama ndi ntchito ndi kuwona momwe zimakhalira.

Kodi chimakhala chiyani? Mkulu ndi ntchito yogwirizana yazinthu zinayi zomwe zonse zomwe zingathe kulengedwa zingapangidwe. Zinthu zinayi zofunikazo ndizo: mutu wa likulu, ndalama zamanja, nthawi yamtengo wapatali, komanso ndalama zamagulu. Kodi kugwira ntchito ndi chiyani? Ntchito ndi minofu kapena kuvutika maganizo, khama, ntchito yochitidwa kwa cholinga chilichonse ndi wogwira ntchito.

Kodi capitalist ndi chiyani? A capitalist ndi wantchito aliyense amene amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yake-capital ndi nzeru-capital monga mutu-capitalist kapena dzanja-capitalist, malinga ndi mphamvu zake ndi luso.

Kodi mutu wa capitalist ndi chiyani? Mutu-capitalist ndi wogwira ntchito yemwe amapereka ndi kukonza njira ndi zinthu zogwirira ntchito yomwe wogwirizanitsa manja amadzigwira yekha ndipo amavomereza kuti apereke malipiro ena.

Kodi m'manja-capitalist ndi chiyani? Wogwirizanitsa dzanja ndi wogwira ntchito yemwe amadzipereka yekha ndipo phindu lina likugwirizana ndi ntchito yomwe akugwira ntchito ndi mutu wa capitalist.

Kodi ndalama ndi nthawi yanji? Ndalama yamakono ndi yofunikira kwa mitundu yonse ya ntchito ndipo ogwira ntchito onse ali ofanana; Palibe wogwira ntchito omwe ali ndi ocheperapo kuposa wogwira ntchito wina aliyense, kuchita nawo momwe akuwona kuti ndi woyenera ndikusankha.

Kodi intelligence-capital ndi chiyani? Nzeru zamagulu ndizofunikira kwa mtundu uliwonse wa ntchito zomwe bungwe lirilonse limakhala nalo, koma lomwe palibe antchito awiri ali ndi digiri imodzi; wogwira ntchitoyo ali ndi chiwerengero chochepa kuposa ena, ndipo amasiyana mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi ntchito imene wogwira ntchitoyo akugwira.

Ndikumvetsetsa, palibe amene angalephere kuona kuti ndalamazo zimatanthauza ndipo ndi mutu, mutu kapena gawo lalikulu la thupi, monga thupi lanu, kapena mutu wa ogwira ntchito. Monga kuwonetsera, ndalama ndizofunika zonse kuti ntchito yokonzekera ichitike. Mu mafakitale kapena malonda, ndalama zimatanthauza mtengo, katundu kapena chuma cha mtundu uliwonse.

Ponena za ntchito: Mtundu wina wa ntchito umachitidwa ndi mutu, mutu kapena ubongo; mtundu wina wa ntchito umachitidwa ndi manja, manja kapena brawn ntchito. Kotero pali mitundu iwiri ya antchito, antchito a mutu kapena ubongo ndi ogwira dzanja kapena manja. Wogwira ntchito aliyense ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mutu wake ndi manja ake muzochita zonse monga ntchito, koma wogwira ntchito wamkulu amagwiritsa ntchito ubongo wake kuposa manja ake, ndipo wogwira ntchitoyo amagwiritsira ntchito ubongo wake mochuluka kuposa mutu wake. Mutu ukukonzekera ndikutsogolera manja, ndipo manja amachita zimene mutu ukukonzekera kapena kutsogolera, ntchito iliyonse yatha, monga munthu kapena bungwe.

Ponena za nthawi yofunikira: Nthawi yamtengo wapatali imagawidwa mofanana pakati pa anthu onse. Munthu mmodzi alibe kenanso ndipo nthawi yosachepera-ndalama kuposa wina aliyense. Nthawi ndizochuluka pa ntchito ya wogwira ntchito wina aliyense monga momwe ikugwirira ntchito kwa wogwira ntchito wina aliyense. Ndipo aliyense akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yake-ndalama, monga momwe amachitira. Wogwira ntchito aliyense akhoza kukhala nthawi yambiri-capitalist monga wogwira ntchito wina aliyense. Nthawi ndi njira yopangira kapena kuyendetsa ndikugulitsa mitundu yonse ya ndalama. Sitikufunsa kanthu za wina aliyense ndipo zimalola aliyense kuchita nawo zomwe akufuna. Nthawi ndiyonse yaulere yomwe sichiyendetsedwa kukhala yaikulu, ndipo imayesedwa kwambiri ndi anthu omwe sadziwa momwe amagwiritsira ntchito komanso mtengo wamtengo wapatali.

Ponena za nzeru zofunika: Intelligence-Capital ndi imene wogwira ntchito aliyense wogwira ntchitoyo akuganiza. Nzeru imasonyeza wogwira ntchito iliyonse zomwe angachite ndi mutu wake ndi manja ake, ubongo wake ndi brawn yake. Ndipo wogwira ntchitoyo amasonyeza, mwa njira yomwe amagwiritsira ntchito ntchito yake, kuchuluka kwa nzeru zomwe wogwira ntchitoyo ali nazo ndi kugwiritsira ntchito ntchito yake. Nzeru imasonyeza wogwira ntchito kumutu momwe angakonzekere ntchito yake, momwe angapezere zinthu ndi njira zothandizira ntchitoyo. Nzeru, monga nthawi, imalola wogwiritsira ntchito monga momwe akufuna; koma, mosiyana ndi nthawi, nzeru imamutsogolera pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yake pokwaniritsa ntchito yake ndi kukwaniritsa cholinga chake, kukhala cholinga chabwino kapena chodwala. Nzeru imasonyeza wogwira ntchitoyo momwe angagwiritsire ntchito nthawi yake pochita ntchito yake, momwe angadzigwiritsire ntchito bwino manja ake mu ntchito yake, kaya ntchitoyo ikukumba dzenje, kulima mzere , kupanga zipangizo zovuta, kugwiritsa ntchito pensulo kapena burashi, kudula miyala yamtengo wapatali, kusewera kwa zida zoimbira, kapena kujambula kwa marble. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake kwa nzeru zake kudzawonjezera kufunika kwa wogwira ntchito ndi wogwira ntchitoyo mwakukhoza kwake ndi luso lake lakuganiza pokonzekera mutu wake wamtengo wapatali ndi ndalama zake zamanja ndi nthawi yake yamtengo wapatali kuti apange bwino kwambiri ntchito imene wogwira ntchitoyo akugwira.

Motero zikuwonekeratu kuti zofunika zinayi za ndalama ndi ntchito zimakhala ndi wogwira ntchito aliyense; kuti wogwira ntchito aliyense ali ndi zofunika zinayi zomwe amadziyesa yekha kapena kudziika yekha kukhala mkulu-capitalist kapena woweruza ndalama; kuti mwa kugwirizanitsa ndi kulamulira kwa mutu wake wamkulu ndi ndalama ndi dzanja-ndalama komanso nthawi-likulu ndi nzeru, mtengo wa antchito aliyense umayikidwa molingana ndi ntchito yomwe iyeyo amachita. Choncho ndiyolondola komanso yokhayokha mu bizinesi iliyonse, wogwira ntchito aliyense ayenera kulandira malipiro okhudzana ndi kuwerengera kwa mtengo wa ntchito yomwe amachitako mu dipatimenti iliyonse ya bizinesi yomwe akugwira.

Mkulu umene sungagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi wopanda pake; sichimabala kanthu; M'kupita kwa nthawi limatha kukhala likulu. Kugwiritsira ntchito molakwa kumawononga ndalama. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kwa ubongo ndi brawn ndi nthawi, pamene zikonzedwa bwino ndi kutsogoleredwa ndi anzeru, zidzabweretsa chuma, muzochita zirizonse zofunika. Nthawi ndizofunikira pakukwaniritsa pamene amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ubongo ndi brawn. Zing'onozing'ono zimakwaniritsidwa ndi nthawi yambiri pamene brawn imatsogolera ubongo. Zambiri zimakwaniritsidwa pa nthawi yochepa pamene ubongo ndi nzeru zimatsogolera brawn. Ndipo chofunika cha nthawi chiri mu kukwaniritsa.

Mkulu monga mutu wogwira ntchito kapena umutu wa ubongo, ayenera kupereka njira ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito ndalama kapena ndalama zazikulu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti gulu la anthu lotchedwa "Capital" kapena "Capitalists" limapereka malo ndi zochitika zogwirira ntchito, komanso ndondomeko kapena ntchito yomwe ntchitoyo yachitidwa, komanso zomwe zimachitika pa ntchitoyo.

Ponena za malipiro kapena mapindu omwe amachokera ku ntchito ya Capital ndi ya Labor, ngati Capital sichisamalira zofuna za Labor, ndipo ngati Labor silingaganizire zofuna za Capital, sipadzakhala mgwirizano. Padzakhala kuwonongeka kwa Capital ndi kuwonongeka kwa Ntchito, ndipo zonse zidzatayika. Lolani kumvetsetsa bwino kuti aliyense ali wothandizira ndi wofunikira kwa winayo; kuti aliyense atenge chidwi ndikugwira ntchito kwa wina. Ndiye, mmalo mwa mkangano padzakhala mgwirizano, ndipo ntchito yabwino idzakwaniritsidwa. Kenaka Capital ndi Labor aliyense adzapeza phindu lake lokha kuchokera kuntchito yomwe adzakondwere ndipo adzasangalala ndi ntchitoyo. Izi sizolondola. Mmodzi adzakhala wakhungu mwadala ngati iye sadzawona ndi kupindula ndi izi. Izi zidzakhala ntchito zowona-tsiku-zenizeni za moyo wa bizinesi-Posakhalitsa Capital ndi Labor zidzatero, poganiza, kuchotsa anthu opusa omwe ali opusa. Izi zidzakhala zodziwika bwino komanso zogwira ntchito komanso njira zamalonda zogwirira ntchito pamodzi ndi Mgwirizano ndi Ntchito - kukhazikitsa enieni enieni, chuma cha Capital ndi chuma cha Labor.

Koma mu kulingalira kwa ndalama, ndalama zimabwera kuti, kodi zimagwira ntchito yanji, monga ndalama? Ndalama monga chitsulo chosungunuka kapena mapepala osindikizidwa ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zosawerengeka zomwe zimapangidwa kapena kukula, monga waya, wigs, kapena zovala, kapena ngati ng'ombe, chimanga kapena thonje. Koma ndalama sizingaganizidwe kukhala zazikulu, monga ubongo ndi brawn ndi nthawi ndi nzeru. Izi ndizofunikira monga ndalama. Iwo sali kukula kapena kupanga mafakitale. Mkulu ndi Ntchito zalola ndalama kugwiritsira ntchito gawo lopanda malire, lachinyengo komanso lopanda chilungamo. Ndalama zimaloledwa kukhala osinthanitsa, monga mabatani kapena nsalu kapena chimanga chingaloledwe kukhala. Ubongo ndi brawn komanso nthawi ndi luntha ndilo likulu lomwe limapanga zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi chuma. Chuma nthawi zambiri chimakhala ngati ndalama, ngakhale ndalama ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo zambiri kapena zopereka za chuma, monga nyumba ndi minda ndi miphika ndi mapeyala. Ndibwino kuti ndalama zikhalebe zosinthanitsa, kugwirana pakati pa kugula ndi kugulitsa, koma si bwino kukhala nayo yochititsa chidwi kwambiri m'malingaliro amalingaliro kuti mitundu ina yonse ya chuma iyenera kuyesedwa mu kuchepetsa chikhalidwe. Chuma sichili Chachikulu Kapena Ntchito; Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku Capital ndi Labor. Ngakhale kuti ndalama zikupitirizabe kusinthanitsa malonda, ziyenera kugawidwa ndi Capital ndi Labor chifukwa cha zofuna zawo, komanso chifukwa cha zabwino zawo.

Ntchito yoona mtima ndi yolemekezeka ngati ikugwira ntchito yothandiza. Koma, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito. Dziko likanakhaladi malo osasamala ngati anthu onse anali ofanana ndi kuganiza ndi kumverera mofanana ndipo anachita ntchito yomweyo. Antchito ena amatha kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Zina zimakhala zochepa pazinthu zina zomwe angathe kuchita. Ndipo zipangizo ziyenera kukhala zosiyana ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Cholembera sichitha kuchita ntchito yosankha, komanso sangathe kugwira ntchito ya pensulo. Mofananamo pali kusiyana pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo. Shakespeare sakanatha kugwiritsa ntchito posankha ndi luso la munthu wodziwa zidole. Ngakhalenso gombe lopukuta matope lingalembedwe mzere wa Shakespeare ndi pensulo ya Shakespeare. Zingakhale zovuta kuti Phidias akonze miyala ya marble chifukwa cha gawo la Parthenon kuposa momwe zinaliri ndi wina wa quarrymen. Koma palibe quarryman akanakhoza kutulutsidwa mu marble atagona imodzi mwa mitu ya akavalo-ndipo ndi mphamvu ndi kumverera mmenemo mwa Phidias.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa abwana aliyense monga momwe aliyense amagwiritsidwira ntchito, chofunikira kwambiri kwa aliyense amene ali wolemera monga aliyense wosauka ndi mitundu yonse ya ndale, kuti aganizire mozama za choonadi chophweka, pakadali nthawi kusintha zomwe zimatchedwa demokarasi ku Dememocracy Yeniyeni. Nthawi yina idzafika pamene mafunde okhudzidwa ndi akukwera akumverera ndi chikhumbo ndi mphepo yoipa ya lingaliro silingathe kuthetsedwa. Pamene iwo ayamba kuwononga ndi kuthetsa zomwe ziripo za chitukuko, amangosiya malo okhaokha ndi kuwonongeka m'malo mwake.